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Spinal somatostatin-positive interneurons transmit chemical itch.
Fatima M, Ren X, Pan H, Slade HFE, Asmar AJ, Xiong CM, Shi A, Xiong AE, Wang L, Duan B (2019) Spinal somatostatin-positive interneurons transmit chemical itch. Pain 160(5):1166-1174. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001499
Objective: To further study the cellular identity of spinal interneurons that contribute to itch processing.
Summary: Findings reveal a novel spinal mechanism for sensory encoding of itch perception.
Usage: Npra receptor–expressing spinal cord interneurons were ablated through intrathecal injection of Nppb-SAP (5 μg/10 μL) or control Blank-SAP in lumbar segment 3 to 4. Behavioral analyses were performed 1 week after the toxin injection.
Related Products: Nppb-SAP (Cat. #IT-69), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, alleviates mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines in the dorsal root ganglia.
Kim E, Hwang S-H, Kim H-K, Abdi S, Kim HK (2019) Losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, alleviates mechanical hyperalgesia in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines in the dorsal root ganglia. Mol Neurobiol 56(11):7408-7419. doi: 10.1007/s12035-019-1616-0 PMID: 31037647
Objective: To assess losartan’s analgesic effect on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) in rats and its mechanism of action in dorsal root ganglion (DRG).
Summary: The mechanical thresholds, protein levels of inflammatory cytokines, and cellular location of AT1R and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the DRG were assessed with behavioral testing, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, respectively.
Usage: western blot (1:100)
Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)
Spinal α2-adrenoceptors and neuropathic pain modulation; therapeutic target.
Bahari Z, Meftahi GH (2019) Spinal α2-adrenoceptors and neuropathic pain modulation; therapeutic target. Br J Pharmacol 176(14):2366-2381. doi: 10.1111/bph.14580
Objective: To provide an an overview of the cellular mechanisms through which brainstem adrenergic descending inhibitory processing can alter spinal pain transmission to the higher centres, and how these pathways change in neuropathic pain conditions focusing on the role of spinal α2‐adrenoceptors in the spinal dorsal horn.
Summary: The α2‐adrenoceptor agonist may be useful to treat neuropathic pain.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Combining naproxen and a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist improves pain and structural outcomes in the collagen-induced arthritis rat model.
Katri A, Dąbrowska A, Löfvall H, Ding M, Karsdal MA, Andreassen KV, Thudium CS, Henriksen K (2019) Combining naproxen and a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist improves pain and structural outcomes in the collagen-induced arthritis rat model. Arthritis Res Ther 21(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1819-9 PMID: 30795801
Objective: To investigate if combining a standard of care NSAID (naproxen) with a Key Bioscience peptides (KBP) resulted in improvement in pain scores, as well as disease activity and structural damage in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Summary: Combination therapy had improved efficacy over naproxen monotherapy; combination therapy resulted in improved health scores, and reduced mechanical and cold allodynia assessment. Furthermore, protection of articular cartilage structure and preservation of bone structure and bone volume were also observed.
Usage: histology (1:4000)
Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)
Inflammatory macrophages in the sciatic nerves facilitate neuropathic pain associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Saika F, Kiguchi N, Matsuzaki S, Kobayashi D, Kishioka S (2019) Inflammatory macrophages in the sciatic nerves facilitate neuropathic pain associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 368(3):535-544. doi: 10.1124/jpet.118.252668
Objective: To determine whether inflammatory macrophages contribute to neuropathic pain associated with type 2 diabetes-mellitus (T2DM).
Summary: Inhibitory agents for macrophage-driven neuroinflammation could be potential candidates for novel pharmacotherapy against intractable neuropathic pain.
Usage: Injections of Mac-1-SAP or unconjugated Saporin (10 μl) were administered 3 times every 2 days. Perineural administration of Mac-1-SAP improved high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mechanical allodynia and the accumulation of F4/80+ macrophages and the upregulation of inflammatory mediators in the SCN after HFD-feeding.
Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
Involvement of lysophosphatidic acid-induced astrocyte activation underlying the maintenance of partial sciatic nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain
Ueda H, Neyama H, Nagai J, Matsushita Y, Tsukahara T, Tsukahara R (2018) Involvement of lysophosphatidic acid-induced astrocyte activation underlying the maintenance of partial sciatic nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Pain 159:2170-2178. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001316
Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06)
Molecular, cellular and circuit basis of cholinergic modulation of pain
Naser PV, Kuner R (2018) Molecular, cellular and circuit basis of cholinergic modulation of pain. Neuroscience 387:135-148. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.049
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Neuropeptide Y and its involvement in chronic pain
Diaz-delCastillo M, Woldbye DPD, Heegaard AM (2018) Neuropeptide Y and its involvement in chronic pain. Neuroscience 387:162-169. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.050
Related Products: NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28)
Microglial pannexin-1 channel activation is a spinal determinant of joint pain
Mousseau M, Burma NE, Lee KY, Leduc-Pessah H, Kwok CHT, Reid AR, O’Brien M, Sagalajev B, Stratton JA, Patrick N, Stemkowski PL, Biernaskie J, Zamponi GW, Salo P, McDougall JJ, Prescott SA, Matyas JR, Trang T (2018) Microglial pannexin-1 channel activation is a spinal determinant of joint pain. Sci Adv 4:1-12. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aas9846
Objective: To identify therapeutic targets for alleviating mechnical allodynia, a sign/symptom of arthritis.
Summary: The pannexin-1 (Panx1) channel is validated as a target; blockade of P2X7 receptors or ablation of spinal microglia prevented and reversed mechanical allodynia.
Usage: Mac-1-SAP and unconjugated Saporin (15 mg per intrathecal injection on days 0, 1, and 2). The specific depletion of spinal lumbar microglia attenuated the development of MIA-induced hypersensitivity indicating that spinal microglia causally contribute to the development of mechanical allodynia. By contrast, intrathecal injection of Control (unconjugated Saporin) did not alter the development of MIA-induced mechanical allodynia.
Related Products: Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
Role of GPCR (mu-opioid)-receptor tyrosine kinase (epidermal growth factor) crosstalk in opioid-induced hyperalgesic priming (type II).
Araldi D, Ferrari LF, Levine JD (2018) Role of GPCR (mu-opioid)-receptor tyrosine kinase (epidermal growth factor) crosstalk in opioid-induced hyperalgesic priming (type II). Pain 159(5):864-875. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001155
Objective: To determine the the mechanisms mediating the induction of opioid-induced hyperalgesia and the prolongation of prostaglandinE2-induced hyperalgesia in type II hyperalgesic priming.
Summary: Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the induction of type II hyperalgesic priming, a form of neuroplasticity in the peripheral terminal of the primary afferent nociceptor, may provide useful information for the design of drugs with improved therapeutic profiles to treat neuroplasticity induced by chronic use of opioids.
Usage: SSP-SAP was prepared in saline (5 ng/mL), and 20 mL was injected intrathecally into rats, 14 days before nociceptive tests.
Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)