2019 Targeting Trends Review

Saika F, Kiguchi N, Matsuzaki S, Kobayashi D, Kishioka S (2019) Inflammatory macrophages in the sciatic nerves facilitate neuropathic pain associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 368(3):535-544. doi: 10.1124/jpet.118.252668

Objective: To determine whether inflammatory macrophages contribute to neuropathic pain associated with type 2 diabetes-mellitus (T2DM).

Summary: Inhibitory agents for macrophage-driven neuroinflammation could be potential candidates for novel pharmacotherapy against intractable neuropathic pain.

Usage: Injections of Mac-1-SAP or unconjugated Saporin (10 μl) were administered 3 times every 2 days. Perineural administration of Mac-1-SAP improved high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mechanical allodynia and the accumulation of F4/80+ macrophages and the upregulation of inflammatory mediators in the SCN after HFD-feeding.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Wang Y, Li G, Wang X, Zhu S (2019) Effects of Shugan Hewei Granule on depressive behavior and protein expression related to visceral sensitivity in a rat model of nonerosive reflux disease. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019:1505693. doi: 10.1155/2019/1505693 PMID: 30719054

Usage: immunofluorescent staining (1:200)

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Sweeney NT, James KN, Nistorica A, Lorig-Roach RM, Feldheim DA (2019) Expression of transcription factors divides retinal ganglion cells into distinct classes. J Comp Neurol 527(1):225-235. doi: 10.1002/cne.24172 PMID: 28078709

Usage: Melanopsin (Opn4) Immunostaining 1:1000

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Quattrochi LE, Stabio ME, Kim I, Ilardi MC, Michelle Fogerson P, Leyrer ML, Berson DM (2019) The M6 cell: A small-field bistratified photosensitive retinal ganglion cell. J Comp Neurol 527(1):297-311. doi: 10.1002/cne.24556 PMID: 30311650

Summary: M6 cells express low levels of melanopsin and have correspondingly weak intrinsic light responses.

Usage: In all experiments involving melanopsin immunofluorescence, melanopsin immunodetection was enhanced using tyramide signal amplification coupled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-paired with goat anti-rabbit IgG and an Alexa fluorophore. 1:10,000.

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Kinneer K, Meekin J, Tiberghien AC, Tai YT, Phipps S, Kiefer CM, Rebelatto MC, Dimasi N, Moriarty A, Papadopoulos KP, Sridhar S, Gregson SJ, Wick MJ, Masterson L, Anderson KC, Herbst R, Howard PW, Tice DA (2018) SLC46A3 as a potential predictive biomarker for antibody-drug conjugates bearing noncleavable linked maytansinoid and pyrrolobenzodiazepine warheads. Clin Cancer Res 24(24):6570-6582. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-1300 PMID: 30131388

Objective: To develop biomarkers to uncover the underlying mechanism of resistance by certain cell lines for ADCs.

Summary: Loss of SLC46A3 expression was found to be a mechanism of innate and acquired resistance to ADCs bearing DM1 and SG3376.

Usage: For Lysosomal trafficking, ADCs were labeled with Fab-pHast human (Cat. #PH-01). Cells were incubated with 3 mg/mL of labeled ADCs at 37°C for desired time points and fluorescence quantified by flow cytometry.

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Manzuoerh R, Farahpour MR, Oryan A, Sonboli A (2019) Effectiveness of topical administration of Anethum graveolens essential oil on MRSA-infected wounds. Biomed Pharmacother 109:1650-1658. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.117 PMID: 30551419

Usage: immunohistochemistry (1:500)

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Zhang Z, Jiang SM, Ma YP, Dai PL, Wang YN, Zou GM, Gao HM, Yang Y, Li WG (2019) Expression of the intrarenal angiotensin receptor and the role of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in IgA nephropathy. Mol Cell Biochem 453:103-110. doi: 10.1007/s11010-018-3435-4 PMID: 30159797

Objective: To investigate the role of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the development of human kidney disease. Patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) were screened and their clinical characteristics analyzed.

Summary: Overexpression of AT1R on the mesangial cells of IgAN patients is associated with mesangial cell proliferation, glomerular segmental sclerosis, and crescent formation.

Usage: immunohistochemistry (1:500)

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Kohli S, King MV, Williams S, Edwards A, Ballard TM, Steward LJ, Alberati D, Fone KCF (2019) Oxytocin attenuates phencyclidine hyperactivity and increases social interaction and nucleus accumben dopamine release in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 44(2):295-305. doi: 10.1038/s41386-018-0171-0

Summary: The authors suggest that further evaluation such as by microinjection with selective antagonists or lesions using the neurotoxin, Oxytocin-SAP, would help delineate the brain region/s and receptor/s involved.

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Bhat SA, Sood A, Shukla R, Hanif K (2019) AT2R activation prevents microglia pro-inflammatory activation in a nox-dependent manner: Inhibition of PKC activation and p47(PHOX) phosphorylation by PP2A. Mol Neurobiol 56(4):3005-3023. doi: 10.1007/s12035-018-1272-9 PMID: 30076526

Objective: To investigate the involvement of AT2R in NADPH oxidase (NOX)-mediated microglia activation.

Summary: AT2R, via PP2A-mediated inhibition of PKC, prevents the NOX activation, ROS generation, and subsequent pro-inflammatory activation of microglia.

Usage: Immunoblotting: membranes were incubated with respective primary antibodies AT1R (1:1000), AT2R (1:500). Immunocytochemistry: AT1R (1:100), AT2R (1:100).

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Motohashi T, Kunisada T (2019) Direct conversion of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into neural crest cells. (eds. Turksen K). In: Skin Stem Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1879:307-321. Humana Press, New York, NY. doi: 10.1007/7651_2018_145 PMID: 29797008

Objective: To describe methods for the direct conversion of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into neural crest cells (NCCs).

Summary: Sox10-IRES-Venus mouse fibroblasts were used for the conversion and isolation of converted NCCs as SOX10-positive cells.

Usage: Immunostaining for Flow Cytometry

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