2019 Targeting Trends Review

Kucharczyk MW, Chisholm KI, Denk F, Dickenson AH, Bannister K, McMahon SB (2020) The impact of bone cancer on the peripheral encoding of mechanical pressure stimuli. Pain 161(8):1894-1905. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001880 PMID: 32701848

Usage: immunohistochemistry (1:400)

Related Products: trkA Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N03)

Zhou G, Li J, Zeng T, Yang P, Li A (2020) The regulation effect of WNT-RAS signaling in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus on renal fibrosis. J Nephrol 33(2):289-297. doi: 10.1007/s40620-019-00637-8 PMID: 31392659

Objective: To investigate whether abnormal expression of central wnt/β-catenin signaling and renin-angiotensin system (WNT-RAS signaling) was tightly involved in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Summary: These data suggest that the central WNT-RAS signaling plays a significant role in the development and progression of CKD.

Usage: immunohistochemistry and western blot

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Qin J, Wang M, Zhao T, Xiao X, Li X, Yang J, Yi L, Goffinet AM, Qu Y, Zhou L (2020) Early forebrain neurons and scaffold fibers in human embryos. Cerebral Cortex 30(3):913–928. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhz136 PMID: 31298263

Objective: To study neural progenitor proliferation, neuronal migration, areal organization, and pioneer axon wiring are critical events during early forebrain development.

Summary: Axons from pioneer neurons in prethalamus, ventral telencephalon, and cortical preplate cross the diencephalon–telencephalon junction and the pallial–subpallial boundary, forming scaffolds that could guide thalamic and cortical axons at later stages.

Usage: Immunofluorescence (1:600); AB-N01AP: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified

Related Products: NGFr (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)

Li X, Yu M, Yang C (2020) YY1-mediated overexpression of long noncoding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 accelerates angiogenesis and progression in lung cancer by targeting miR-340-5p/KPNA4 axis. J Cell Biochem 121(3):2258-2267. doi: 10.1002/jcb.29448 PMID: 31693222

Usage: western (1:1000)

Related Products: Fibroblast Growth Factor Rabbit Polyclonal, mammalian (Cat. #AB-07)

Serre NBC, Sarthou M, Gigarel O, Figuet S, Corso M, Choulet J, Rofidal V, Alban C, Santoni V, Bourguignon J, Verbruggen N, Ravanel S (2020) Protein lysine methylation contributes to modulating the response of sensitive and tolerant Arabidopsis species to cadmium stress. Plant Cell Environ 43(3):760-774. doi: 10.1111/pce.13692 PMID: 31759334

Usage: Western blot

Related Products: Tri-methyl Lysine Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-265)

Wu X, Cao Z, Chen H, Ou Q, Huang X, Wang Y (2020) Downregulation of Linc-RNA activator of myogenesis lncRNA participates in FGF2-mediated proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. J Periodontol 91(3):422-427. doi: 10.1002/JPER.19-0317 PMID: 31378921

Usage: Western (1:1200)

Related Products: Fibroblast Growth Factor Rabbit Polyclonal, mammalian (Cat. #AB-07)

Seven YB, Simon AK, Sajjadi E, Zwick A, Satriotomo I, Mitchell GS (2020) Adenosine 2A receptor inhibition protects phrenic motor neurons from cell death induced by protein synthesis inhibition. Exp Neurol 323:113067. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113067

Objective: To test the hypothesis that A2A receptor antagonism promotes phrenic motor neuron survival and preserves diaphragm function when faced with toxic, neurodegenerative insults that lead to phrenic motor neuron death.

Summary: The authors utilized a novel neurotoxic model of respiratory motor neuron death using intrapleural injections of CTB-SAP. A2A receptors contribute to neurotoxic phrenic motor neuron death, an effect mitigated by A2A receptor antagonism.

Usage: Intrapleural administration of CTB-SAP (25 μg per side) causes: 1) profound phrenic motor neuron death (~5% survival); 2) ~7-fold increase in phrenic motor neuron A2A receptor expression prior to cell death; and 3) diaphragm muscle paralysis (inactive in most rats; ~7% residual diaphragm EMG amplitude during room air breathing).

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Díaz HS, Andrade DC, Toledo C, Pereyra KV, Schwarz KG, Díaz-Jara E, Lucero C, Arce-Álvarez A, Schultz HD, Silva JN, Takakura AC, Moreira TS, Marcus NJ, Del Rio R (2020) Episodic stimulation of central chemoreceptor neurons elicits disordered breathing and autonomic dysfunction in volume overload heart failure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 318(1):L27-L40. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00007.2019

Objective: To determine the role of the central chemoreflex in the development of respiratory and autonomic dysfunction in volume overload heart failure (HF).

Summary: Episodic hypercapnic stimulation triggers ventilatory plasticity and elicits cardiorespiratory abnormalities in HF that are largely dependent on retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) chemoreceptor neurons.

Usage: Bilateral injections of SSP-SAP, 0.6 ng/30 nL, into the RTN were administered to destroy chemoreceptor neurons.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Shin J, Kong C, Lee J, Choi BY, Sim J, Koh CS, Park M, Na YC, Suh SW, Chang WS, Chang JW (2019) Focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening improves adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in a cholinergic degeneration dementia rat model. Alzheimers Res Ther 11(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s13195-019-0569-x

Objective: To investigate the decrease of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Summary: This work studied the effect of FUS on AHN in a cholinergic degeneration rat model of dementia.

Usage: 192-IgG-SAP was injected bilaterally into the lateral ventricle (4 μl at a concentration of 0.63 μg/μl at a rate of 1 μl/min).

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Gao Y, Gao B, Zhu H, Yu Q, Xie F, Chen C, Li Q (2019) Adipose-derived stem cells embedded in platelet-rich plasma scaffolds improve the texture of skin grafts in a rat full-thickness wound model. Burns 46(2):377-385. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.07.041 PMID: 31852618

Usage: western (1:500)

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Souza GMPR, Stornetta RL, Stornetta DS, Abbott SBG, Guyenet PG (2019) Contribution of the retrotrapezoid nucleus and carotid bodies to hypercapnia- and hypoxia-induced arousal from sleep. J Neurosci 39(49):9725-9737. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1268-19.2019

Objective: To examine the contribution of two lower brainstem nuclei that could be implicated in CO2 and hypoxia-induced arousal.

Summary: RTN, a brainstem nucleus that mediates the effect of brain acidification on breathing, also contributes to arousal elicited by CO2 but not hypoxia.

Usage: To ablate the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), SSP-SAP was administered (2.4 ng) through bilateral injections via a dorsal craniotomy.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Aoyagi Y, Furuyama T, Inoue K, Matsuda D, Matsubara Y, Okahara A, Ago T, Nakashima Y, Mori M, Matsumoto T (2019) Attenuation of angiotensin II–induced hypertension in BubR1 low‐expression mice via repression of angiotensin II receptor 1 overexpression. J Am Heart Assoc 8(23):e011911. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.011911 PMID: 31787052

Usage: western blot

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Thorsdottir D, Cruickshank NC, Einwag Z, Hennig GW, Erdos B (2019) BDNF downregulates β-adrenergic receptor-mediated hypotensive mechanisms in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 317(6):H1258-H1271. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00478.2019

Objective: To determine whether BDNF increases blood pressure in part by diminishing inhibitory hypotensive input from nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) catecholaminergic neurons projecting to the PVN.

Summary: BDNF, a key hypothalamic regulator of blood pressure, disrupts catecholaminergic signaling between the NTS and the PVN by reducing the responsiveness of PVN neurons to inhibitory hypotensive β-adrenergic input from the NTS.

Usage: Bilateral NTS injections of sterile PBS (for control) or Anti-DBH-SAP (22 ng).

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Goodman RL, He W, Lopez JA, Bedenbaugh MN, McCosh RB, Bowdridge EC, Coolen LM, Lehman MN, Hileman SM (2019) Evidence that the LH surge in ewes involves both neurokinin B–dependent and –independent actions of kisspeptin. Endocrinology 160(12):2990-3000. doi: 10.1210/en.2019-00597

Objective: To determine if NKB is involved in the RCh of the ewe in the LH surge.

Summary: NKB signaling in the RCh increases kisspeptin levels critical for the full amplitude of the LH surge in the ewe, but kisspeptin release occurs independently of retrochiamatic area (RCh) input at the onset of the surge to initiate GnRH secretion.

Usage: Bilaterial injections in the RCh of either NK3-SAP or Blank-SAP.

Related Products: NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Toledo C, Andrade DC, Díaz HS, Pereyra KV, Schwarz KG, Díaz-Jara E, Oliveira LM, Takakura AC, Moreira TS, Schultz HD, Marcus NJ, Del Rio R (2019) Rostral ventrolateral medullary catecholaminergic neurones mediate irregular breathing pattern in volume overload heart failure rats. J Physiol 597(24):5799-5820. doi: 10.1113/JP278845

Objective: To investigate the potential contribution of RVLM‐C1 neurons to irregular breathing.

Summary: Findings suggest that RVLM‐C1 neurons play a pivotal role in breathing irregularities in volume overload HF, and mediate the sympathetic responses induced by acute central chemoreflex activation.

Usage: Anti-DBH-SAP was used to selectively lesion RVLM‐C1 neurons. Reduction (∼65%) of RVLM‐C1 neurons resulted in attenuation of irregular breathing, decreased apnea‐hypopnea incidence and improved cardiac autonomic control.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Díaz HS, Andrade DC, Toledo C, Lucero C, Arce-Álvarez A, Del Rio R (2019) Episodic stimulation of central chemoreflex elicits long-term breathing disorders and autonomic imbalance in heart failure rats. Eur Respir J 54(suppl 63):OA4936. doi: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.OA4936

Objective: To determine the role of CC in the development of cardiorespiratory dysfunction in a HF model.

Summary: Rats were exposed to pisodic hypercapnic stimulation (EHS) The effects of EHS in rats with heart failure were attenuated by SSP-SAP treatment.

Usage: Selective destruction of chemoreceptor neurons within the retrotapezoid nucleus (RTN) was performed via SSP-SAP injections (0.6 ng/30 nL).

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Tominaga M, Kusube F, Honda K, Komiya E, Takahashi N, Naito H, Suga Y, Takamori K (2019) OP11: Role of spinal cholecystokinin receptor 2 in alloknesis models. Itch 4:1-62. doi: 10.1097/itx.0000000000000030

Objective: To determine the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms that induce alloknesis via the spinal CCK2 receptor.

Summary: Ablation of spinal CCK receptor-expressing cells by i.t. injection of CCK-SAP attenuated CCK8S-induced alloknesis in comparison with Blank-SAP control mice.

Usage: Intrathecal injection

Related Products: CCK-SAP (Cat. #IT-31), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Kiuchi MG, Chen S, Carnagarin R, Matthews VB, Schlaich MP (2019) Renal denervation for treating congenital long QT syndrome: Shortening the QT interval or modulating sympathetic tone?. Europace 21(11):1755-1756. doi: 10.1093/europace/euz251

Summary: Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons (TACSN) through CTB-SAP injection in the left stellate ganglion (LSG), inhibited its activation, improved sympathetic remodelling, and restored cardiac autonomic balance.

See: Xiong L et al. Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons improves ventricular electrical remodelling in a canine model of chronic myocardial infarction. Europace 20(12):2036-2044, 2018.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Li X (2019) Light stimulation into dorsal raphe nucleus contributes to antidepressant effect for a stressed rat model. bioRxiv 821421. doi: 10.1101/821421 PMID: 0

Usage: immunohisochemistry (1:500)

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Abd El‐Rahman SS, Fayed HM (2019) Targeting AngII/AT1R signaling pathway by perindopril inhibits ongoing liver fibrosis in rat. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 13:2131-2141. doi: 10.1002/term.2940 PMID: 31348596

Usage: IHC (1:100)

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