2018 Targeting Trends Review

Amano M, Amiya N, Yamamoto N, Osugi T, Tsutsui K (2019) Immunohistochemical detection of prolactin-releasing peptide2 in the brain of the inshore hagfish Eptatretus burgeri. Gen Comp Endocrinol 274:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.12.005 PMID: 30571962

Objective: To identify Prolactin-releasing peptide2 (PrRP2) in hagfish.

Summary: The study demonstrates, for the first time, that PrRP2 is expressed in the brain of inshore hagfish. The restricted distribution of PrRP2-ir fibers in the HYinf suggests that PrRP2 does not directly regulate the pituitary gland, but regulates the function of the HYinf where PQRFa and CRH are expressed.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:1000). The authors clarified the cross-reactivity of the antibody against other CRH family peptides, such as urocortin-I, II, III, urotensin-I, and sauvagine: the cross-reactivity of anti-CRH against CRH family peptides was found to be less than 0.01%, indicating the specificity of the antibody.

Related Products: Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-02)

Chew C, Kiley B, Sengelaub D (2019) Neuroprotective effects on the morphology of somatic motoneurons following the death of neighboring motoneurons: A role for microglia. Dev Neurobiol 79:131-154. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22652

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Gao ZR, Chen WZ, Liu MZ, Chen XJ, Wan L, Zhang XY, Yuan L, Lin JK, Wang M, Zhou L, Xu XH, Sun YG (2019) Tac1-expressing neurons in the periaqueductal gray facilitate the itch-scratching cycle via descending regulation. Neuron 101(1):45-59.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.010

Objective: To determine the neural mechanism promoting the itch-scratching cycle.

Summary: Ablation of Tac1+ but not SST+ neurons decreases itch-induced scratching behavior. l/vlPAG Tac1+ neurons Induce Scratching Behavior via a Descending Pathway.

Usage: To ablate the spinal GRPR+ neurons, mice were intrathecally injected with Bombesin-SAP or Control Blank-SAP (400 ng/5 mL).

Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Quattrochi LE, Stabio ME, Kim I, Ilardi MC, Michelle Fogerson P, Leyrer ML, Berson DM (2019) The M6 cell: A small-field bistratified photosensitive retinal ganglion cell. J Comp Neurol 527(1):297-311. doi: 10.1002/cne.24556 PMID: 30311650

Summary: M6 cells express low levels of melanopsin and have correspondingly weak intrinsic light responses.

Usage: In all experiments involving melanopsin immunofluorescence, melanopsin immunodetection was enhanced using tyramide signal amplification coupled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-paired with goat anti-rabbit IgG and an Alexa fluorophore. 1:10,000.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Dhande OS, Seabrook TA, Phan AH, Salaly LD, Ishiko N, Nguyen PL, Wang JT, Evans SM, Huberman AD (2018) Assembly of functionally antagonistic visual circuits for controlling pupil dynamics. bioRxiv 500868. doi: 10.1101/500868

Objective: Investigate the mechanisms controlling the specification and establishment of parallel sensory pathways.

Summary: Identification of a novel genetic program that marks and is required for the development of non-image-forming parallel visual pathways.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:1000)

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Berhani O, Glasner A, Kahlon S, Duev-Cohen A, Yamin R, Horwitz E, Enk J, Moshel O, Varvak A, Porgador A, Jonjic S, Mandelboim O. (2019) Human anti-NKp46 antibody for studies of NKp46-dependent NK cell function and its applications for type 1 diabetes and cancer research. Eur J Immunol 49(2):228-241. doi: 10.1002/eji.201847611 PMID: 30536875

Objective: To investigate human NKp46 activity and its critical role in Natural Killer (NK) cell biology.

Summary: A unique anti-human NKp46 monoclocal antibody was developed and conjugated to Saporin. Targeted toxin inhibits growth of NKp46-positive cells; thus, exemplifying the potential as an immunotherapeutic drug to treat NKp46-dependent diseases, such as, type I diabetes and NK and T cell related malignancies.

Usage: Conjugation of the antibodies to Saporin, treatment of cells, and cell viability assay Biotin-Z Kit instructions.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Kinneer K, Meekin J, Tiberghien AC, Tai YT, Phipps S, Kiefer CM, Rebelatto MC, Dimasi N, Moriarty A, Papadopoulos KP, Sridhar S, Gregson SJ, Wick MJ, Masterson L, Anderson KC, Herbst R, Howard PW, Tice DA (2018) SLC46A3 as a potential predictive biomarker for antibody-drug conjugates bearing noncleavable linked maytansinoid and pyrrolobenzodiazepine warheads. Clin Cancer Res 24(24):6570-6582. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-1300 PMID: 30131388

Objective: To develop biomarkers to uncover the underlying mechanism of resistance by certain cell lines for ADCs.

Summary: Loss of SLC46A3 expression was found to be a mechanism of innate and acquired resistance to ADCs bearing DM1 and SG3376.

Usage: For Lysosomal trafficking, ADCs were labeled with Fab-pHast human (Cat. #PH-01). Cells were incubated with 3 mg/mL of labeled ADCs at 37°C for desired time points and fluorescence quantified by flow cytometry.

Related Products: Fab-pHast human (Cat. #PH-01)

Cops J, Mullens W, Verbrugge FH, Swennen Q, De Moor B (2018) Selective abdominal venous congestion induces adverse renal and hepatic morphological and functional alterations despite a preserved cardiac function. Sci Rep 8:17757. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36189-3 PMID: 30532057

Objective: The consequences of isolated abdominal venous congestion on morphology and function of the kidneys, liver and heart were studied in a rat model.

Summary: This study provides relevant insight in the pathophysiology of abdominal congestion on organ function.

Usage: Western blot. PVDF membrane was incubated overnight at 4 °C in the presence of antibody (1/2000).

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Lelieveldt LPWM, Kristyanto H, Pruijn GJM, Scherer HU, Toes REM, Bonger KM (2018) Sequential prodrug strategy to target and eliminate ACPA-selective autoreactive B cells. Mol Pharm 15(12):5565-5573. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00741

Objective: To develop a method to target and selectively eliminate autoreactive B cells using a sequential antigen prodrug targeting strategy.

Summary: The selectivity of the antigen and the possibility to block binding toward circulation ACPA brings us a step closer to the specific elimination of autoreactive B cells for the treatment of patients with ACPA-positive RA.

Usage: Biotinylated CCP1, CArgP1, and CCP1(CNBz) were conjugated with Streptavidin-ZAP in a 4:1 ratio to make peptide-drug conjugates.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Xiong L, Liu Y, Zhou M, Wang G, Quan D, Shen C, Shuai W, Kong B, Huang C, Huang H (2018) Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons improves ventricular electrical remodelling in a canine model of chronic myocardial infarction. Europace 20(12):2036-2044. doi: 10.1093/europace/euy090

Objective: To evaluate the cardiac electrophysiologic effects of targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons (TACSN) in a canine model of chronic myocardial infarction (MI).

Summary: Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neuron attenuates sympathetic remodelling and improves ventricular electrical remodelling in the chronic phase of MI. These data suggest that TACSN may be a novel approach to treating ventricular arrhythmias.

Usage: 20 μl of CTB-SAP (1.2 mg/ml) was mixed with 4 μl of 3% Evans blue dye to make it visible (CTB-SAP is colorless), ensuring localization within the ganglia. The CTB-SAP/ Evan blue dye solution was slowly and intermittently injected into the left stellate ganglia using a glass micropipette.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)