2010 Targeting Trends Review

De Bartolo P, Cutuli D, Ricceri L, Gelfo F, Foti F, Laricchiuta D, Scattoni ML, Calamandrei G, Petrosini L (2010) Does age matter? Behavioral and neuro-anatomical effects of neonatal and adult basal forebrain cholinergic lesions. J Alzheimers Dis 20:207-227. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1355 PMID: 20164586

Summary: The authors characterized the differences caused by age on the effect of cholinergic lesions of the basal forebrain. Seven-day-old rats received 210 ng bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01). Eighty-day-old rats received 4 µg bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 192-IgG-SP. Both experimental groups displayed similar behavior, indicating that development of a depleted cholinergic system yields similar results to cholinergic dysfunction in adulthood.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Carstens EE, Carstens MI, Simons CT, Jinks SL (2010) Dorsal horn neurons expressing NK-1 receptors mediate scratching in rats. Neuroreport 21:303-308. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328337310a

Summary: The itch signal is passed through the superficial dorsal horn. The authors investigated whether ablation of NK-1 receptor-expressing neurons in this area would affect itch-related scratching behavior. Rats received 20 µl of 2.27-µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) as an intracisternal injection. The reduction in itch response to intradermal 5-hydroxytryptamine indicates that NK-1 receptor-expressing superficial dorsal horn neurons are important for spinal itch transmission.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Lujan HL, Palani G, Peduzzi J, Dicarlo SE (2010) Targeted ablation of mesenteric projecting sympathetic neurons reduces the hemodynamic response to pain in conscious spinal cord transected rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298(5):R1358-1365. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00755.2009

Summary: Autonomic dysreflexia is a life-threatening hypertension as a result of a spinal cord injury above thoracic level 6. The authors investigated whether reduction of sympathetic activity can reduce the severity of this condition. Rats received 13.5 µg injections of CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14) into the celiac ganglion resulting in ablation of mesenteric projecting sympathetic neurons. Lesioned animals displayed a reduced pressor response to pain after spinal cord transection, to some extent ameliorating autonomic dysreflexia.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

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Conner JM, Kulczycki M, Tuszynski MH (2010) Unique contributions of distinct cholinergic projections to motor cortical plasticity and learning. Cereb Cortex 20(11):2739-2748. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhq022

Summary: This work mapped the basal cholinergic forebrain system associations with skilled motor learning and motor function recovery after cortical injury. Rats were lesioned with 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01). The animals received either two rostrocaudal injections of 75-112 ng; two 19 ng injections into the “prefrontal depletion site”; or two 19 ng injections into the “motor cortex depletion site.” Loss of motor cortex cholinergic systems disrupts map plasticity and skilled motor behavior, indicating that control of these systems rests within the motor cortex.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Berg K, Weyergang A, Prasmickaite L, Bonsted A, Hogset A, Strand MT, Wagner E, Selbo PK (2010) Photochemical internalization (PCI): a technology for drug delivery. (eds. Gomer C). In: Photodynamic Therapy. Methods in Molecular Biology. 635:133-145. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-697-9_10

Summary: This review discusses photochemical internalization (PCI), which is a method used to overcome some of the intracellular barriers to introducing molecules into cancer cells. Some difficulties for such therapies include a low rate of release from endocytic vescicles and degradation of the therapeutic molecule by lysosomal enzymes. The use of streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27) with a biotinylated anti-EGF receptor antibody is discussed.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

See Also:

• Yip WL et al. Targeted delivery and enhanced cytotoxicity of cetuximab-saporin by photochemical internalization in EGFR-positive cancer cells. Mol Pharm 4(2):241-251, 2007.

Itoi K, Sugimoto N (2010) The brainstem noradrenergic systems in stress, anxiety, and depression. J Neuroendocrinol 22(5):355-361. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.01988.x

Summary: In this review the authors examine the relationship between the central noradrenergic system, fear/anxiety states, and depression. The use of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) to investigate the function of the noradrenergic system in these paradigms is described.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

Lujan HL, Palani G, Zhang L, Dicarlo SE (2010) Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons reduces the susceptibility to ischemia-induced sustained ventricular tachycardia in conscious rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 298:H1330-H1339. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00955.2009

Summary: It has been shown that reduction of cardiac sympathetic activity protects against ventricular tachy-arrhythmias, which are the leading cause of death in industrially developed countries. Rats received 10 µg injections of CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14) into each stellate ganglia. Using comparison of ventricular tachycardia onset times after coronary artery occlusion it was found that lesioned rats were less susceptible to tachycardia events.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

Zipancic I, Calcagnotto ME, Piquer-Gil M, Mello LE, Alvarez-Dolado M (2010) Transplant of GABAergic precursors restores hippocampal inhibitory function in a mouse model of seizure susceptibility. Cell Transplant 19(5):549-564. doi: 10.3727/096368910X491383

Summary: Although medial ganglionic eminence-derived cells can be grafted into the neonatal brain and become functionally mature GABAergic neurons it is not clear whether the grafted cells can rescue loss of function. The authors injected mice with 1.6-2.0 ng of SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) into the anterior and posterior hippocampus to eliminate GABAergic interneurons. Neuron function in mice receiving the grafts returned to near normal.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Ng TB, Wong JH, Wang H (2010) Recent progress in research on ribosome inactivating proteins. Curr Protein Pept Sci 11(1):37-53. doi: 10.2174/138920310790274662

Summary: This review discusses recent literature on ribosome inactivating proteins including the use of saporin-based conjugates in neuroscience and cancer research. Brief descriptions of research done using 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02), dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23), SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), and other conjugates are provided along with basic information about ribosome inactivating proteins.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02), Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23), SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Mendoza J, Pevet P, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP, Bailly Y, Challet E (2010) The cerebellum harbors a circadian oscillator involved in food anticipation. J Neurosci 30:1894-1904. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5855-09.2010

Summary: The authors report on a circadian oscillator in the cerebellum that is sensitive to feeding cues. Mice received intracerebroventricular injections of 0.12, 0.25, or 0.50 µg of OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02). Lesioned animals displayed attenuated food-anticipatory activity, and less locomotor activity after fasting, indicating that Purkinje cells in the cerebellum are involved in the circadian connection to feeding.

Related Products: OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)