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Glutamatergic neurokinin 3 receptor neurons in the median preoptic nucleus modulate heat-defense pathways in female mice.
Krajewski-Hall SJ, Miranda Dos Santos F, McMullen NT, Blackmore EM, Rance NE (2019) Glutamatergic neurokinin 3 receptor neurons in the median preoptic nucleus modulate heat-defense pathways in female mice. Endocrinology 160(4):803-816. doi: 10.1210/en.2018-00934
Objective: To characterize the thermoregulatory role of MnPO NK3R neurons in female mice.
Summary: Study suggests that KNDy neurons modulate thermosensory pathways for heat defense indirectly via a subpopulation of glutamatergic MnPO neurons that express NK3R.
Usage: Mice were bilaterally injected with 10 ng NK3-SAP in 100 nL PBS (n = 14) or blank-SAP (n = 8) in the preoptic area adjacent to the MnPO.
Related Products: NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Neuromuscular plasticity in a mouse neurotoxic model of spinal motoneuronal loss.
Gulino R, Vicario N, Giunta MAS, Spoto G, Calabrese G, Vecchio M, Gulisano M, Leanza G, Parenti R (2019) Neuromuscular plasticity in a mouse neurotoxic model of spinal motoneuronal loss. Int J Mol Sci 20(6):1500. doi: 10.3390/ijms20061500
Objective: To use a neurotoxic model of spinal motoneuron depletion, induced by injection of CTB-SAP, to investigate the possible occurrence of compensatory changes in both the muscle and spinal cord.
Summary: Plastic changes in surviving motoneurons produce a functional restoration probably similar to the compensatory changes occurring in disease. These changes could be driven by glutamatergic signaling; astrocytes contacting surviving motoneurons may support this process.
Usage: Mice received 2 injections of CTB-SAP (3 mcg CTB-Sap in 2 mcL PBS) into the medial and lateral left gastrocnemius muscle.
Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)
Inflammatory mediators of opioid tolerance: Implications for dependency and addiction.
Eidson LN, Murphy AZ (2019) Inflammatory mediators of opioid tolerance: Implications for dependency and addiction. Peptides 115:51-58. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.01.003
Objective: To determine what mediates opioid tolerance and alterations in glutamate homeostasis.
Summary: Site-specific lesions of PAG MOR-containing neurons using Dermorphin-SAP significantly reduce the antinociceptive effects of systemic morphine suggesting that PAG MOR is critical for morphine action.
Usage: Rats were injected with 3 pmol of Dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12) into the PAG. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control.
Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Serotonin and motherhood: From molecules to mood.
Pawluski JL, Li M, Lonstein JS (2019) Serotonin and motherhood: From molecules to mood. Front Neuroendocrinol 53:100742. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.03.001
Summary: Serotonin may affect how mothers perceive or behaviorally readjust to changes in the sensory cues emitted by their offspring as they age. The DR serotonin-lesioned mothers studied by Holschbach and colleagues (2018) were much less maternally aggressive, which was concomitant with reduced serotonin-immunoreactive fiber density in the anterior hypothalamus, a brain site previously implicated in serotonin’s influence on aggressive behaviors in male animals.
Related Products: Anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23)
Cholinergic deficit induced by central administration of 192IgG-Saporin is associated with activation of microglia and cell loss in the dorsal hippocampus of rats
Dobryakova YV, Volobueva MN, Manolova AO, Medvedeva TM, Kvichansky AA, Gulyaeva NV, Markevich VA, Stepanichev MY, Bolshakov AP (2019) Cholinergic deficit induced by central administration of 192IgG-Saporin is associated with activation of microglia and cell loss in the dorsal hippocampus of rats. Front Neurosci 13:146. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00146
Objective: To study the histopathology of the hippocampus and the responses of microglia and astrocytes using immunohistochemistry and neuroglial gene expression.
Summary: Cholinergic degeneration in the medial septal area induced by intracerebroventricular administration of 192IgG-saporin results in an increase in the number of microglial cells and neuron degeneration in the dorsal hippocampus.
Usage: 192-IgG-SAP was injected bilaterally into both ventricles (i.c.v.) at a dose of 4 μg/site.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Spinal α2-adrenoceptors and neuropathic pain modulation; therapeutic target.
Bahari Z, Meftahi GH (2019) Spinal α2-adrenoceptors and neuropathic pain modulation; therapeutic target. Br J Pharmacol 176(14):2366-2381. doi: 10.1111/bph.14580
Objective: To provide an an overview of the cellular mechanisms through which brainstem adrenergic descending inhibitory processing can alter spinal pain transmission to the higher centres, and how these pathways change in neuropathic pain conditions focusing on the role of spinal α2‐adrenoceptors in the spinal dorsal horn.
Summary: The α2‐adrenoceptor agonist may be useful to treat neuropathic pain.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Noradrenergic terminals are the primary source of α2-adrenoceptor mediated dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Devoto P, Flore G, Saba P, Scheggi S, Mulas G, Gambarana C, Spiga S, Gessa GL (2019) Noradrenergic terminals are the primary source of α2-adrenoceptor mediated dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 90:97-103. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.015
Objective: To clarify the relative contribution of dopamine (DA) release from noradrenergic and dopaminergic terminals to DA output induced by blockade of α2-adrenoreceptors and the norepinephrine transporter.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Discovery and development of N-[4-(1-Cyclobutylpiperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)acetamide Dihydrochloride (SUVN-G3031): A novel, potent, selective, and orally active histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist with robust wake-promoting activity.
Nirogi R, Shinde A, Mohammed AR, Badange RK, Reballi V, Bandyala TR, Saraf SK, Bojja K, Manchineella S, Achanta PK, Kandukuri KK, Subramanian R, Benade V, Palacharla RC, Jayarajan P, Pandey S, Jasti V (2019) Discovery and development of N-[4-(1-Cyclobutylpiperidin-4-yloxy)phenyl]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)acetamide Dihydrochloride (SUVN-G3031): A novel, potent, selective, and orally active histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist with robust wake-promoting activity. J Med Chem 62(3):1203-1217. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01280
Objective: To discover and develop a therapeutic for human sleep disorders.
Summary: Histamine H3 Receptor Inverse Agonist demonstrated high receptor occupancy and marked wake promoting effects with decreased REM sleep in Orexin-B-SAP lesioned rats. This study supports its potential therapeutic utility in treating human sleep disorders.
Usage: Injections (490 ng/0.8 μl) were made bilaterally to the lateral hypothalamus.
Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20)
Selective hematopoietic stem cell ablation using CD117-antibody-drug-conjugates enables safe and effective transplantation with immunity preservation.
Czechowicz A, Palchaudhuri R, Scheck A, Hu Y, Hoggatt J, Saez B, Pang WW, Mansour MK, Tate TA, Chan YY, Walck E, Wernig G, Shizuru JA, Winau F, Scadden DT, Rossi DJ (2019) Selective hematopoietic stem cell ablation using CD117-antibody-drug-conjugates enables safe and effective transplantation with immunity preservation. Nat Commun 10:617. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08201-x
Objective: To investigate a safe and effective method for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Summary: CD117-ADC selectively targets hematopoietic stem cells yet does not cause clinically significant side-effects.
Usage: The CD117-ADC was prepared by combining biotinylated anti-CD117 (clone 2B8) with Streptavidin–ZAP. A dose of 1.5 mg/kg of CD117-ADC (~12 µg Streptavidin-ZAP) optimally resulted in depletion of >99% of immunophenotypic and functional HSCs.
Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), Anti-CD117-SAP (Cat. #IT-83)
Ablation of brainstem C1 neurons improves cardiac function in volume overload heart failure.
Andrade DC, Toledo C, Díaz HS, Lucero C, Arce-Álvarez A, Oliveira LM, Takakura AC, Moreira TS, Schultz HD, Marcus NJ, Alcayaga J, Del Rio R (2019) Ablation of brainstem C1 neurons improves cardiac function in volume overload heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 133(3):393-405. doi: 10.1042/CS20180589
Objective: To determine the role played by RVLM-C1 neurons in cardiac autonomic imbalance, arrhythmogenesis and cardiac dysfunction in volume overload-induced heart failure.
Summary: RVLM-C1 neurons were selectively ablated using Anti-DBH-SAP and measures of cardiacautonomictone, function, and arrhythmia incidence were evaluated. Cardiac autonomic imbalance, arrhythmogenesis and cardiac dysfunction were present in HF rats and improved after Anti-DBH-SAP treatment.
Usage: 7.5ng/100nl of sterile saline solution was injected bilaterally into the RVLM.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)