cancer-research

Berg K, Weyergang A, Prasmickaite L, Bonsted A, Hogset A, Strand MT, Wagner E, Selbo PK (2010) Photochemical internalization (PCI): a technology for drug delivery. (eds. Gomer C). In: Photodynamic Therapy. Methods in Molecular Biology. 635:133-145. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-697-9_10

Summary: This review discusses photochemical internalization (PCI), which is a method used to overcome some of the intracellular barriers to introducing molecules into cancer cells. Some difficulties for such therapies include a low rate of release from endocytic vescicles and degradation of the therapeutic molecule by lysosomal enzymes. The use of streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27) with a biotinylated anti-EGF receptor antibody is discussed.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

See Also:

• Yip WL et al. Targeted delivery and enhanced cytotoxicity of cetuximab-saporin by photochemical internalization in EGFR-positive cancer cells. Mol Pharm 4(2):241-251, 2007.

Ng TB, Wong JH, Wang H (2010) Recent progress in research on ribosome inactivating proteins. Curr Protein Pept Sci 11(1):37-53. doi: 10.2174/138920310790274662

Summary: This review discusses recent literature on ribosome inactivating proteins including the use of saporin-based conjugates in neuroscience and cancer research. Brief descriptions of research done using 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02), dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23), SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14), and other conjugates are provided along with basic information about ribosome inactivating proteins.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02), Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Anti-SERT-SAP (Cat. #IT-23), SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Anderberg C, Li H, Fredriksson L, Andrae J, Betsholtz C, Li X, Eriksson U, Pietras K (2009) Paracrine signaling by platelet-derived growth factor-CC promotes tumor growth by recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Res 69(1):369-378. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2724 PMID: 19118022

Usage: Receptor stimulation and immunoprecipitation.  B16/mock, B16/PDGF-C, and porcine aortic endothelial cells stably expressing PDGFR-a (a-PAE) were stimulated with 100 ng/mL core PDGF-CC for 1 h on ice. Immunoprecipitation was done with an antibody to fibroblast growth factor-2.  Western blot analysis was done with 1 ug/mL antibody.

Related Products: Fibroblast Growth Factor Rabbit Polyclonal, mammalian (Cat. #AB-07)

Rouleau C, Curiel M, Weber W, Smale R, Kurtzberg L, Mascarello J, Berger C, Wallar G, Bagley R, Honma N, Hasegawa K, Ishida I, Kataoka S, Thurberg BL, Mehraein K, Horten B, Miller G, Teicher BA (2008) Endosialin protein expression and therapeutic target potential in human solid tumors: sarcoma versus carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 14:7223-7236. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0499

Summary: Endosialin is an antigen expressed in many human cancer cell lines. As part of a wide-ranging study investigating clinical specimens, cell culture, and animal models, this group used Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22) combined with a humanized anti-endosialin antibody in cell proliferation assays. Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control. The anti-endosialin antibody and Hum-ZAP were incubated together in equimolar concentrations then applied to cells in culture. Various cancers, including synovial sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma among others, were found to express endosialin.

Related Products: Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Zhao XY, Liu HL, Liu B, Willuda J, Siemeister G, Mahmoudi M, Dinter H (2008) Tomoregulin internalization confers selective cytotoxicity of immunotoxins on prostate cancer cells. Transl Oncol 1:102-109. doi: 10.1593/tlo.08124

Summary: Tomoregulin is a type 1 transmembrane protein with a short cytoplasmic tail, and is found in the brain and prostate. After confirming cell surface localization by flow cytometry, and determining expression levels by whole-cell binding assays, the authors evaluated the use of tomoregulin as a target for immunotoxin therapy. Cells transfected with tomoregulin were treated with anti-tomoregulin + Mab-ZAP (IC50 = 160 pM; Cat. #IT-04) in vitro. The results demonstrate the potential for tomoregulin in prostate cancer treatment.

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04)

Siva AC, Wild MA, Kirkland RE, Nolan MJ, Lin B, Maruyama T, Yantiri-Wernimont F, Frederickson S, Bowdish KS, Xin H (2008) Targeting CUB domain-containing protein 1 with a monoclonal antibody inhibits metastasis in a prostate cancer model. Cancer Res 68:3759-3766. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1657

Summary: CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is an antigen expressed on several metastatic cancers, as well as on CD34+ and CD133+ myeloid leukemic blast cells. After demonstrating in vitro activity of the monoclonal antibody 25A11 with Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04) and Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22) the authors had a custom conjugation of 25A11 and saporin made for testing in mice. Goat-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-19) was used as a control for in vivo experiments, and saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was the control in vitro. The direct conjugate significantly inhibited tumor growth as well as metastasis in vivo.

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04), Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22), Goat IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-19), Saporin (Cat #PR-01)

Daniels TR, Ng PP, Delgado T, Lynch MR, Schiller G, Helguera G, Penichet ML (2007) Conjugation of an anti transferrin receptor IgG3-avidin fusion protein with biotinylated saporin results in significant enhancement of its cytotoxicity against malignant hematopoietic cells. Mol Cancer Ther 6:2995-3008. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0330

Summary: The human transferrin receptor (hTfR) is overexpressed in malignant cells. Using Advanced Targeting System’s custom biotinylation service, the authors combined an anti-hTfR antibody-avidin fusion protein with biotinylated saporin (Cat. #PR-01, saporin alone), and examined the effect of the combined complex on cancer cells in vitro. Although the antibody-avidin fusion protein has an intrinsic cytotoxic effect, the fusion protein-saporin complex was able to eliminate the population of cells that showed resistance to the fusion protein alone.

Related Products: Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Bak SP, Walters JJ, Takeya M, Conejo-Garcia JR, Berwin BL (2007) Scavenger receptor-A-targeted leukocyte depletion inhibits peritoneal ovarian tumor progression. Cancer Res 67:4783-4789. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4410

Summary: Vascular leukocytes (VLC) are immunosuppressive cells that facilitate tumor progression in ovarian cancer. One potential tumor therapy is to eliminate these cells. The authors determined that scavenger receptor-A is specifically expressed on VLCs. Mice were injected with tumor cells, as well as an anti-scavenger receptor-A antibody combined with Rat-ZAP (Cat. #IT-26). This was followed by additional treatment with the antibody-Rat-ZAP complex. Treatment with the immunotoxin eliminated VLCs, inhibited peritoneal tumor burden, and reduced ascites accumulation.

Related Products: Rat-ZAP (Cat. #IT-26)

Yip WL, Weyergang A, Berg K, Tonnesen HH, Selbo PK (2007) Targeted delivery and enhanced cytotoxicity of cetuximab-saporin by photochemical internalization in EGFR-positive cancer cells. Mol Pharm 4(2):241-251. doi: 10.1021/mp060105u

Summary: Photochemical internalization (PCI) releases macromolecules from endocytic vesicles using photosensitizer activation by light. This technique allows the release of endocytosed molecules before degradation occurs in the lysosome. The authors demonstrate the proof-of-concept for this technique by combining biotinylated cetuximab (a chimeric monoclonal antibody to the EGFr) with streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27). The conjugate was applied to three different human cancer cell lines, demonstrating enhanced specificity and toxicity against cells expressing the EGFr.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Fransson J, Borrebaeck CA (2006) The nuclear DNA repair protein Ku70/80 is a tumor-associated antigen displaying rapid receptor mediated endocytosis. Int J Cancer 119(10):2492-2496. doi: 10.1002/ijc.22212

Summary: The protein Ku70/80 is expressed in the nucleus of all cells. Tumor cell lines, however, have been shown to express Ku70/80 on the cell surface. In this study, the authors show that Ku70/80 is internalized into pancreatic carcinoma cells upon binding of the antibody INCA-X. INCA-X was combined with Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04) and applied to several pancreatic carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Cell death in some of the treated lines demonstrates the potential of Ku70/80 as a therapeutic target.

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04)