References

Giansanti F, Flavell DJ, Angelucci F, Fabbrini MS, Ippoliti R (2018) Strategies to improve the clinical utility of saporin-based targeted toxins. Toxins (Basel) 10(2):82. doi: 10.3390/toxins10020082

Israel MR, Morgan M, Tay B, Deuis JR (2018) Toxins as tools: Fingerprinting neuronal pharmacology. Neurosci Lett 679:4-14. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.001

Summary: This review article provides an overview of the experimental techniques used to assess the effects that toxins have on neuronal function, as well as discussion on toxins that have been used as tools, with a focus on toxins that target voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), NPY-SAP (Cat. #IT-28)

Araldi D, Khomula EV, Ferrari LF, Levine JD (2018) Fentanyl induces rapid onset hyperalgesic priming: Type I at peripheral and type II at central nociceptor terminals. J Neurosci 38(9):2226-2245. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3476-17.2018

Objective: To evaluate priming, at both nociceptor terminals, the effect of local administration of agents that reverse type I (protein translation) or type II [combination of Src and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)] priming

Summary: Fentanyl, acting at the -opioid receptor (MOR), induces hyperalgesia and hyperalgesic priming at both the central and peripheral terminal of nociceptors and this is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum Ca2 signaling. Priming in the central terminal is type II, whereas that in the peripheral terminal is type I. Our findings may provide useful information for the design of drugs with improved therapeutic profiles, selectively disrupting individual MOR signaling pathways, to maintain an adequate long-lasting control of pain.

Usage: IB4-SAP was diluted in saline and a dose of 3.2 μg in a volume of 20 μl and administered intrathecally 14 d before experiments

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10)

Yuan X, Yang M, Chen X, Zhang X, Sukhadia S, Musolino N, Bao H, Chen T, Xu C, Wang Q, Santoro S, Ricklin D, Hu J, Lin R, Yang W, Li Z, Qin W, Zhao A, Scholler N, Coukos G (2018) Characterization of the first fully human anti-TEM1 scFv in models of solid tumor imaging and immunotoxin-based therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 67:329-339. doi: 10.1007/s00262-017-2101-0 PMID: 29313073

Objective: ScFv78 was conjugated with the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin (Streptavidin-ZAP) to evaluate whether scFv78 may be used as a vehicle for theTEM1-targeted delivery of toxins.

Summary: Site-specific, biotinylated scFv78 was conjugated with streptavidin-labeled saporin (Streptavidin-ZAP; Cat. #IT-27) by incubation at room temperature for 1h at a molar ratio of 4:1 (scFv78:ZAP).

Usage: Mouse endothelial cells (MS1) and MS1 cells transduced to express full-length human TEM1 (MS1-TEM1) were cultured in 96-well plates to 30% confluence and then incubated for 96h in the presence of 10-fold serially diluted Streptavidin-ZAP, scFv78, or scFv78-ZAP starting from 40nM down to 0.04nM. The data indicate that scFv78, the first fully human anti-TEM1 recombinant antibody, recognizes both human and mouse TEM1 and has unique and favorable features that are advantageous for the development of imaging probes or antibody-toxin conjugates for a large spectrum of human TEM1-positive solid tumors.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Nagarkoti S, Dubey M, Awasthi D, Kumar V, Chandra T, Kumar S, Dikshit M (2018) S-Glutathionylation of p47phox sustains superoxide generation in activated neutrophils. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 1865(2):444-454. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.014 PMID: 29195919

Objective: To investigate the role of S-Glutathionylation of p47phox.

Summary: In Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or Nitric oxide (NO) treated neutrophils a subunit of NOX2, p47phox gets glutathionylated to sustain ROS generation along with a decrease in catalase, Grx-1 activity and change in GSH/GSSG ratio.

Usage: Western blot

Related Products: NO-L-Cysteine Mouse Monoclonal, Conjugated (Cat. #AB-T125)

Kusano-Arai O, Iwanari H, Kudo S, Kikuchi C, Yui A, Akiba H, Matsusaka K, Kaneda A, Fukayama M, Tsumoto K, Hamakubo T (2018) Synergistic cytotoxic effect on gastric cancer cells of an immunotoxin cocktail in which antibodies recognize different epitopes on CDH17. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 37:1-11. doi: 10.1089/mab.2017.0043

Objective: To determine if an immunotoxin cocktail targeted to multiple epitopes has synergistic effects on low expression level cells, which would expand the applicable range of immunotoxin therapy for cancer.

Summary: The combination of immunotoxins with different mechanisms of action in an antibody cocktail will increase cytotoxic activities and decrease side effects.

Usage: The authors applied a monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktail for one target protein with multiple epitopes. They generated anti-CDH17 mAbs recognizing different epitopes on CDH17 (Cadherin-17). CDH17 is expressed in gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer and has limited distribution in normal tissues. For preparation of 3 immunotoxins, Streptavidin-ZAP was mixed with biotinylated mAbs in equimolar concentrations for 30 minutes at room temperature. The study provides data to demonstrate that the cocktail of different epitope-recognizing immunotoxins has synergistic cytotoxic effects on CDH17-expressing cells.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Park HW, Kim H-L, Park YS, Kim I-B (2018) The transient intermediate plexiform layer, a plexiform layer-like structure temporarily existing in the inner nuclear layer in developing rat retina. Exp Neurobiol 27:28-33. doi: 10.5607/en.2018.27.1.28

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Lee SJ, Jokiaho AJ, Sanchez-Watts G, Watts AG (2018) Catecholaminergic projections into an interconnected forebrain network control the sensitivity of male rats to diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 314(6):R811-R823. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00423.2017

Objective: To investigate the role of hindbrain catecholamine neuron pathways and their contribution to long-term energy homeostasis by controlling obesogenic sensitivity to a high-fat, high sucrose choice diet.

Summary: The authors show that catecholamine neurons (primarily in the VLM and NTS) convey essential feedback signals to enable long-term adaptive control of energy metabolism when animals consume a predominantly carbohydrate diet. This is the first report specifically associating this projection system with the long-term control of adiposity.

Usage: Catecholaminergic projections to the PVH and related parts of the forebrain were lesioned with bilateral injections each consisting of 42 ng/200 nL of Anti-DBH-SAP or equimolar amounts of control Mouse IgG-SAP.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Zhou H, Huang J, Zhu L, Cao Y (2018) Erythropoietin alleviates post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction in rats potentially through increasing the expression of angiotensin II receptor type 2 in myocardial tissues. Mol Med Rep 17:5184-5192. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8473 PMID: 29393490

Objective: To determine whether erythropoietin (EPO) improves post‑resuscitation myocardial dysfunction and how it affects the renin‑angiotensin system.

Summary: The present study confirmed that EPO treatment is beneficial for protecting cardiac function post‑resuscitation, and the roles of EPO in alleviating post‑resuscitation myocardial dysfunction may potentially be associated with enhanced myocardial expression of AT2R.

Usage: Western blot analysis of AT-1R (1:500) in the myocardium

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Shim HS, Park H-J, Lee M-S, Ye M, Shim I (2018) The role of the supramammillary area of the hypothalamus in cognitive functions. Animal Cells and Systems 22:37-44. doi: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1427627

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)