References

Lu W, Wang Q, Sun X, He H, Wang Q, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li C (2019) Qishen Granule improved cardiac remodeling via balancing M1 and M2 macrophages. Front Pharmacol 10:1399. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01399 PMID: 31824322

Objective: To explore the effect of Qishen Granule (QSG) on the release of splenic monocytes, the recruitment of monocytes into heart tissues and the differentiation of macrophages under ischemic conditions.

Summary: Compounds of Chinese medicine have synergistic effects on cardiac and splenic organs through regulating differentiation of monocytes/macrophages in inhibiting myocardial remodeling.

Usage: Western blot

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Díaz HS, Andrade DC, Toledo C, Lucero C, Arce-Álvarez A, Del Rio R (2019) Episodic stimulation of central chemoreflex elicits long-term breathing disorders and autonomic imbalance in heart failure rats. Eur Respir J 54(suppl 63):OA4936. doi: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.OA4936

Objective: To determine the role of CC in the development of cardiorespiratory dysfunction in a HF model.

Summary: Rats were exposed to pisodic hypercapnic stimulation (EHS) The effects of EHS in rats with heart failure were attenuated by SSP-SAP treatment.

Usage: Selective destruction of chemoreceptor neurons within the retrotapezoid nucleus (RTN) was performed via SSP-SAP injections (0.6 ng/30 nL).

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Zurlo G, Liu X, Takada M, Fan C, Simon JM, Ptacek TS, Rodriguez J, von Kriegsheim A, Liu J, Locasale JW, Robinson A, Zhang J, Holler JM, Kim B, Zikánová M, Bierau J, Xie L, Chen X, Li M, Perou CM, Zhang Q (2019) Prolyl hydroxylase substrate adenylosuccinate lyase is an oncogenic driver in triple negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 10(1):5177. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13168-4 PMID: 31729379

Objective: To investigate the role of ADSL hydroxylation in controlling cMYC and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumorigenesis.

Summary: ADSL regulates cMYC protein level through adenosine levels and leads to downstream metabolic changes and breast cancer cell proliferation. ADSL is essential for TNBC cell growth and invasiveness and contributes to TNBC breast tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo.

Usage: Western blot

Related Products: Trans-4-Hydroxy-L-Proline Rabbit Polyclonal, Conjugated (Cat. #AB-T044)

Tominaga M, Kusube F, Honda K, Komiya E, Takahashi N, Naito H, Suga Y, Takamori K (2019) OP11: Role of spinal cholecystokinin receptor 2 in alloknesis models. Itch 4:1-62. doi: 10.1097/itx.0000000000000030

Objective: To determine the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms that induce alloknesis via the spinal CCK2 receptor.

Summary: Ablation of spinal CCK receptor-expressing cells by i.t. injection of CCK-SAP attenuated CCK8S-induced alloknesis in comparison with Blank-SAP control mice.

Usage: Intrathecal injection

Related Products: CCK-SAP (Cat. #IT-31), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Ueda H (2019) Systems pathology of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. Biol Pharm Bull 42(11):1773-1782. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00535

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP mouse/human (Cat. #IT-06)

Kiuchi MG, Chen S, Carnagarin R, Matthews VB, Schlaich MP (2019) Renal denervation for treating congenital long QT syndrome: Shortening the QT interval or modulating sympathetic tone?. Europace 21(11):1755-1756. doi: 10.1093/europace/euz251

Summary: Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons (TACSN) through CTB-SAP injection in the left stellate ganglion (LSG), inhibited its activation, improved sympathetic remodelling, and restored cardiac autonomic balance.

See: Xiong L et al. Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons improves ventricular electrical remodelling in a canine model of chronic myocardial infarction. Europace 20(12):2036-2044, 2018.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Herman JP (2020) Corticolimbic stress regulatory circuits, hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical adaptation, and resilience. Chen A (Ed.): Stress Resilience 291-309. Academic Press doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-813983-7.00019-7

Summary: Review. Immunolesion of paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-projecting norepinephrine (NE) neurons with Anti-DBH-SAP attenuates acute stress reactivity (interestingly, to restraint), but it does not inhibit somatic or HPA axis responses to stress in any simple way (Flak et al.). PVN-projecting NE neurons appear to be responsible for acute responses to systemic stressors, but they do not appear to be important in mediating effects of chronic stress (Ritter et al.).

Usage: Flak et al. injected 8.82 ng of Anti-DBH-SAP into the PVN. Ritter et al. injected 42 ng into the PVN.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)

See Also:

• Flak J et al. Role of paraventricular nucleus-projecting norepinephrine/epinephrine neurons in acute and chronic stress. Eur J Neurosci 39:1903-1911, 2014.
• Ritter S et al. Immunotoxin lesion of hypothalamically projecting norepinephrine and epinephrine neurons differentially affects circadian and stressor-stimulated corticosterone secretion. Endocrinology 144(4):1357-1367, 2003.

Li X (2019) Light stimulation into dorsal raphe nucleus contributes to antidepressant effect for a stressed rat model. bioRxiv 821421. doi: 10.1101/821421 PMID: 0

Usage: immunohisochemistry (1:500)

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Abd El‐Rahman SS, Fayed HM (2019) Targeting AngII/AT1R signaling pathway by perindopril inhibits ongoing liver fibrosis in rat. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 13:2131-2141. doi: 10.1002/term.2940 PMID: 31348596

Usage: IHC (1:100)

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Walker JR, Ong A, Detloff MR (2019) Role of nociceptive afferent input on forelimb reaching and grasping behaviors in the spinal cord injured rat. Neuroscience 2019 Abstracts 572.09. Society for Neuroscience, Chicago, IL.

Summary: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffer a loss of motor and sensory function. The current standard of care to recover fine motor control is rehabilitation focused on a combination of range of motion, aerobic, and strength training (ST). However, limited research has been conducted to determine the role of nociceptive afferent inputs from muscle on spinal plasticity and/or recovery of function. Using a rodent model of SCI strength training rehabilitation, we determined that motor training not only improves forelimb strength and fine motor function but also can modulate the development of neuropathic pain, suggesting that improvements in reaching and grasping may be due, in part, to plasticity of nociceptive afferents. To further explore this, Sprague-Dawley rats received injections of rIB4-conjugated saporin, mu p75-conjugated saporin or unconjugated (vehicle) into the cervical dorsal root ganglia unilaterally to eliminate non-peptidergic and peptidergic nociceptors. There is an uninjured cohort and a group with unilateral C5 SCI. Von Frey and Hargreaves’ tests were performed at baseline and several time points post-injection to assess the effcacy of the nociceptive elimination. Several measures of forelimb strength were recorded over time including the isometric pull task, a single pellet retrieval task and the Montoya staircase test. To confirm the depletion of peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptors following saporin injection and/or SCI, cervical DRGs and spinal cords were stained with antibodies against CGRP and isolectin-B4. An understanding of the role of nociceptors in spinal plasticity and functional motor and sensory recovery of SCI patients will guide future research and refine rehabilitation strategies to further improve their quality of life.

Related Products: IB4-SAP (Cat. #IT-10), mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)