References

Castro AR, Pinto M, Lima D, Tavares I (2006) Secondary hyperalgesia in the monoarthritic rat is mediated by GABA(B) and NK1 receptors of spinal dorsal horn neurons: A behavior and c-fos study. Neuroscience 141(4):2087-2095. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.05.048

Summary: Hallmarks of secondary hyperalgesia in a rat model of monoarthritic pain are: decreased activation of GABA(B) neurons, and increased activation of NK1r neurons. Using 10-µl injections of 1-µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) into T(13)-L(1) the workers looked at the role of each receptor. Pain thresholds increased after treatment with SP-SAP or baclofen, a selective GABA(B) receptor agonist. Fos immunoreactivity was also decreased in treated animals, indicating that both GABA(B) and NK1r are involved in secondary hyperalgesia.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07)

Shekhar A, Johnson PL, Sajdyk TJ, Fitz SD, Keim SR, Kelley PE, Gehlert DR, DiMicco JA (2006) Angiotensin-II is a putative neurotransmitter in lactate-induced panic-like responses in rats with disruption of GABAergic inhibition in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. J Neurosci 26(36):9205-9215. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2491-06.2006 PMID: 16957077

Objective: To determine the exact mechanism for lactate to elicit a panic attack.

Summary: Results implicate A-II pathways and the A-II receptors (AT-1Ra, AT-1Rb) in the hypothalamus as putative substrates for sodium lactate-induced panic-like responses in vulnerable subjects.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:500), Western blot (1:500)

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1AR) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N25AP), Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Collins BE, Blixt O, Han S, Duong B, Li H, Nathan JK, Bovin N, Paulson JC (2006) High-affinity ligand probes of CD22 overcome the threshold set by cis ligands to allow for binding, endocytosis, and killing of B cells. J Immunol 177(5):2994-3003. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.5.2994

Objective: To demonstrate the dynamic equilibrium that exists between CD22 (Siglec-2) and its cis and trans ligands, using a high-affinity multivalent sialoside probe that competes with cis ligands and binds to CD22 on native human and murine B cells.

Summary: The CD22 (Siglec-2) preferred ligand: sequence Siaa2-6Gal that is abundantly expressed on N-linked glycans of B cell glycoproteins. Conjugation of the sialoside probes to the toxin saporin resulted in toxin uptake and toxin-mediated killing of B lymphoma cell lines, suggesting an alternative approach for targeting CD22 for treatment of B cell lymphomas.

Usage: Cytotoxicity assay: BJAB lymphoma cell killing required both the targeting probe and the Streptavidin-ZAP, as no killing was observed in the absence of either.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Scattoni ML, Adriani W, Calamandrei G, Laviola G, Ricceri L (2006) Long-term effects of neonatal basal forebrain cholinergic lesions on radial maze learning and impulsivity in rats. Behav Pharmacol 17(5-6):517-524. doi: 10.1097/00008877-200609000-00018

Summary: Work in the last decade has focused on clarifying the role of cholinergic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. 7 day-old rats received 0.21 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) administered to the third ventricle, and were tested at 5 months of age in delay tolerance and a radial maze. Test results suggest that prolonged basal forebrain cholinergic hypofunction is detectable only when using highly complex tasks.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Rygh LJ, Suzuki R, Rahman W, Wong Y, Vonsy JL, Sandhu H, Webber M, Hunt S, Dickenson AH (2006) Local and descending circuits regulate long-term potentiation and zif268 expression in spinal neurons. Eur J Neurosci 24(3):761-772. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04968.x

Summary: Long-term potentiation (LTP) has been shown to occur in sensory areas of the spinal cord. This modification of synaptic strength may be one of the mechanisms by which acute pain is transformed into chronic pain. 10 µl of 1-µM SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07) or control saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was injected into the subarachnoid space (L4-L5) of rats. Using electrophysiological recording, immunohistochemistry, behavioral assessment, and antisense experiments, the authors demonstrate that dorsal horn neuron generation of LTP may transform acute pain into chronic pain.

Related Products: SP-SAP (Cat. #IT-07), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Nattie E, Li A (2006) Neurokinin-1 receptor expressing neurons in the ventral medulla are essential for normal central and peripheral chemoreception in the conscious rat. J Appl Physiol 101(6):1596-1606. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00347.2006

Summary: All known chemoreceptor sites in the mammalian brainstem are rich in the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1r). The authors ask if these cells scattered throughout the ventral medulla are involved in central and peripheral chemoreception. Rats received 250-280 ng of SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) into the cisterna magna, mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control. The results indicate that NK1r neurons in the ventral medulla are involved in both central and peripheral chemoreception, during both waking and sleep states.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Adam PJ, Terrett JA, Steers G, Stockwin L, Loader JA, Fletcher GC, Lu LS, Leach BI, Mason S, Stamps AC, Boyd RS, Pezzella F, Gatter KC, Harris AL (2006) CD70 (TNFSF7) is expressed at high prevalence in renal cell carcinomas and is rapidly internalised on antibody binding. Br J Cancer 95(3):298-306. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603222

Summary: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is usually resistant to chemotherapy. Using a proteomics approach, the authors found a potential target for immunotherapy in RCC. An antibody against CD70, a type II transmembrane receptor, was combined with Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22). The complex was then added to an RCC-derived cell-line in vitro. The aCD70/Hum-ZAP complex demonstrated significant killing at several different concentrations. This work suggests that CD70 is a potential target antigen for RCC therapy.

Related Products: Hum-ZAP (Cat. #IT-22)

Zhu JP, Xu W, Angulo JA (2006) Distinct mechanisms mediating methamphetamine-induced neuronal apoptosis and dopamine terminal damage share the neuropeptide substance p in the striatum of mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1074:135-148. doi: 10.1196/annals.1369.013 PMID: 17105911

Objective: To investigate the mechanism by which substance P mediates METH-induced damage.

Summary: The authors propose that substance P mediates the apoptosis of some striatal neurons via the intrastriatal activation of nitric oxide synthesis. Substance P may also mediate damage of the dopamine terminals via an extrastriatal mechanism involving the substantia nigra and cortical glutamate release.

Usage: Mice were given intrastriatal injections of SSP-SAP (4ng/mcl). Saporin was used as control.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Blanco-Centurion C, Xu M, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Gerashchenko D, Shiromani AM, Salin-Pascual RJ, Hof PR,Shiromani PJ (2006) Adenosine and sleep homeostasis in the basal forebrain. J Neurosci 26(31):8092-8100. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2181-06.2006

Summary: It has been shown that adenosine induces sleep and levels of adenosine increase during times of wakefulness. The authors investigated whether basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are involved in adenosine regulation of sleep. 6 µg of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) was administered to the lateral ventricle of rats. In treated animals, adenosine levels did not increase with prolonged waking. The treated animals did, however, retain intact sleep drive.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Momiyama T, Zaborszky L (2006) Somatostatin presynaptically inhibits both GABA and glutamate release onto rat basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. J Neurophysiol 96(2):686-694. doi: 10.1152/jn.00507.2005 PMID: 16571735

Related Products: 192-IgG Mouse Monoclonal, Cy3-labeled (Cat. #AB-N43FL3)