References

Maddux JM, Kerfoot EC, Chatterjee S, Holland PC (2007) Dissociation of attention in learning and action: effects of lesions of the amygdala central nucleus, medial prefrontal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. Behav Neurosci 121(1):63-79. doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.121.1.63

Objective: To study the effect of the amygdala central nucleus (CEA) on aspects of attention.

Summary: Lesions of the cholinergic afferents of the medial prefrontal cortex interfered with five-choice serial reaction time (5CSRT) performance but not with surprise-induced enhancement of learning, whereas lesions of cholinergic afferents of posterior parietal cortex impaired the latter effects but did not affect 5CSRT performance. CEA lesions impaired performance in both tasks.

Usage: Rats received bilateral infusions of 192IgG-saporin (0.25 μg/μl) into the posterior parietal cortex.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Truitt WA, Sajdyk TJ, Dietrich AD, Oberlin B, McDougle CJ, Shekhar A (2007) From anxiety to autism: spectrum of abnormal social behaviors modeled by progressive disruption of inhibitory neuronal function in the basolateral amygdala in Wistar rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 191(1):107-118. doi: 10.1007/s00213-006-0674-y

Summary: The amygdala has been identified as being involved in social behaviors. Six 4 ng injections of SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) were administered bilaterally into the basolateral nucleus (BLA) of the amygdala of rats. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. Results of a social interaction paradigm suggest that in normal animals social inhibition can be overcome by habituation. In lesioned animals, however, social inhibition is not reversed by habituation, indicating that NK-1 receptor-expressing GABAergic interneurons in the BLA are important in this system.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Yip WL, Weyergang A, Berg K, Tonnesen HH, Selbo PK (2007) Targeted delivery and enhanced cytotoxicity of cetuximab-saporin by photochemical internalization in EGFR-positive cancer cells. Mol Pharm 4(2):241-251. doi: 10.1021/mp060105u

Summary: Photochemical internalization (PCI) releases macromolecules from endocytic vesicles using photosensitizer activation by light. This technique allows the release of endocytosed molecules before degradation occurs in the lysosome. The authors demonstrate the proof-of-concept for this technique by combining biotinylated cetuximab (a chimeric monoclonal antibody to the EGFr) with streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27). The conjugate was applied to three different human cancer cell lines, demonstrating enhanced specificity and toxicity against cells expressing the EGFr.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Lorier AR, Huxtable AG, Robinson DM, Lipski J, Housley GD, Funk GD (2007) P2Y1 receptor modulation of the pre-Bötzinger complex inspiratory rhythm generating network in vitro. J Neurosci 27(5):993-1005. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3948-06.2007 PMID: 17267553

Related Products: Antibody to NK-1 Receptor (Cat. #AB-N04)

Furlong T, Carrive P (2007) Neurotoxic lesions centered on the perifornical hypothalamus abolish the cardiovascular and behavioral responses of conditioned fear to context but not of restraint. Brain Res 1128(1):107-119. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.058

Summary: This work examined the role of orexin-containing neurons in the perifornical hypothalamus (PeF) during stress response. Orexin-SAP (Cat. #IT-20) or the control conjugate blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was injected into the PeF of pre-conditioned rats. Tests measuring restraint and conditioned fear to context were then performed on the lesioned animals. While the lesioning was not specific enough to connect results to orexin-containing neurons, the data indicate that the PeF is critical for some forms of stress, but not others.

Related Products: Orexin-B-SAP (Cat. #IT-20), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Walker BR, Diefenbach KS, Parikh TN (2007) Inhibition within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) ameliorates environmental exploration deficits due to cerebellum lesions in an animal model for autism. Behav Brain Res 176(1):109-120. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.008

Summary: In this work the authors use environmental exploration deficits in rats as a model for autism. Animals received 2 µg of either OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02) or 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into each ventricle. Only the OX7-SAP treated rats displayed a reduction in exploration behavior, and the anticonvulsant muscimol restored exploration behavior to control levels. This system may have use in controlling behavior deficits seen in autism.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), OX7-SAP (Cat. #IT-02)

Dwyer TA, Servatius RJ, Pang KC (2007) Noncholinergic lesions of the medial septum impair sequential learning of different spatial locations. J Neurosci 27:299-303. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4189-06.2007

Summary: The medial septum and the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (MSDB) have extensive connections to the hippocampus. In general, impairments due to loss of cholinergic neurons in this area have been smaller than those due to the loss of noncholinergic neurons. The authors treated rats with either 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) or kainic acid into each hemisphere of the medial septum. Behavioral testing following surgery demonstrated that the animals with noncholinergic lesions had impaired performance, even when compared to the animals with cholinergic lesions.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Ma W, Eisenach JC (2007) Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is upregulated in a subset of primary sensory afferents after nerve injury which are necessary for analgesia from alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation. Brain Res 1127(1):52-58. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.008

Summary: Peripheral nerve injury resulting in neuropathic pain often responds poorly to opioid treatment. alpha2-adrenoreceptor (AR) agonists, however, perform better after this type of injury. After a spinal nerve ligation, rats were treated with a 0.6 µg-intrathecal injection of 192-saporin (Cat. #IT-01). The increase of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) caused by spinal ligation was abolished in the lesioned animals. The data indicate that AR agonists may reduce sensitization by activating nNOS fibers in the superficial dorsal horn.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Chauhan N (2007) Featured Article: Cholinergic immunolesioning produced tangle-like inclusions in TgCRND8 brain. Targeting Trends 8(1)

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Chauhan NB Cholinergic immunolesioning produced tangle-like inclusions in TgCRND8 brain. Neuroscience 2006 Abstracts 271.8, 2006. Society for Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA

Whipple EC, Ditto AH, Shanahan RS, Gatesman JJ, Little SF, Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA (2007) Low doses of antigen coupled to anti-CR2 mAbs induce rapid and enduring IgG immune responses in mice and in cynomolgus monkeys. Mol Immunol 44(4):377-388. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.02.032 PMID: 16631928

Related Products: Antibody to Complement C3 (10C7) (Cat. #AB-V80)