References

Chang ST, Liu YP, Huang CL, Wang PY, Tung CS (2013) Implication of cerebral dopamine-beta hydroxylase for cardiovascular and mood regulation in rats. Chin J Physiol 56(4):209-218. doi: 10.4077/CJP.2013.BAB103

Summary: The ascending fibers affected by norepinephrine are involved in a variety of processes, including emotion, anxiety, and regulation of central autonomic outflows such as cardiovascular regulation and energy balance. The authors examined whether the loss of norephinephrine would cause autonomic failure in cardiovascular regulation. Rats received a single intraventricular injection of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03). Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. The results demonstrate that norepinephrine deficits in the brain influence reduction of excitatory responses to orthostatic stress.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Kouchek M, Takasusuki T, Terashima T, Yaksh TL, Xu Q (2013) Effects of intrathecal SNC80, a delta receptor ligand, on nociceptive threshold and dorsal horn substance p release. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 347(2):258-264. doi: 10.1124/jpet.113.206573 PMID: 23978562

Summary: In this work the authors utilized three different preclinical pain models to examine the effects of intrathecal administration of the DOR agonist SNC80. One strategy was to assess NK-1 receptor (NK1r) internalization using anti-NK1r (Cat. #AB-N33AP) in IHC at a 1:3000 dilution on cryosections. The data indicate that the transmitter release from small peptidergic afferents is an effect mediated by DOR in the spinal cord.

Related Products: NK-1 Receptor Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N33AP)

Sasaki A, Adhikari S, Andoh T, Kuraishi Y (2013) BB2 bombesin receptor-expressing spinal neurons transmit herpes-associated itch by BB2 receptor-independent signaling. Neuroreport 24(12):652-656. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32836352d8

Summary: Using a skin rash model created by inoculating mice with human herpes virus, bombesin receptor-expressing spinal neurons were lesioned intrathecally with 400 ng of Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40). Lesioned animals displayed reduced scratching, but licking (due to pain) was not reduced.

Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Graziano A, De Bartolo P, Burello L, Vitale E, Polverino A, Iuliano A, Sorrentino G, Mandolesi L (2013) Cortical metabolic deficits in a rat model of cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration. Neurochem Res 38(10):2114-2123. doi: 10.1007/s11064-013-1120-2

Summary: In this work the authors investigated the connection between cholinergic depletion caused by conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral energy metabolism deficits. Rats received a 0.4-μg injection of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Neuronal metabolic activity was measured by assaying cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity. The unilateral injection produced a bilateral deficit in CO activity throughout the cortex, and the front and parietal cortices showed CO deficits before the lesion was complete. The data suggest a link between cholinergic hypofunctionality and metabolic deficit.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Quadros EV, Nakayama Y, Sequeira JM (2013) Saporin conjugated monoclonal antibody to the transcobalamin receptor TCblR/320 is effective in targeting and destroying cancer cells. J Cancer Ther 4(6):1074-1081. doi: 10.4236/jct.2013.46122

Summary: Although the transcobalamin receptor (TCb1R) is expressed in most cell types, the expression levels are increased in actively proliferating cells, and decreased in quiescent cells. This expression profile makes the TCb1R an attractive target for cancer therapy. The authors used a custom conjugate of antibodies generated against the TCb1R and saporin to eliminate cancer cell lines in culture. When applying the conjugate to cells in a dosing range of 0.156-5 nM, 2.5 nM was found to have the optimal effect. Given that the level of toxicity was determined by the level of TCb1R expression, targeting the TCb1R may have potential as part of a cancer treatment strategy.

Related Products: Custom Conjugates

Liu Y, Weick JP, Liu H, Krencik R, Zhang X, Ma L, Zhou GM, Ayala M, Zhang S (2013) Featured Article: Medial ganglionic eminence-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells correct learning and memory deficits in an NGFr-lesioned mouse model. Targeting Trends 14(3)

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Read the featured article in Targeting Trends.

See Also:

• Liu Y et al. Medial ganglionic eminence-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells correct learning and memory deficits. Nat Biotechnol 31(5):440-447, 2013.

Johnson PL, Sajdyk TJ, Fitz SD, Hale MW, Lowry CA, Hay-Schmidt A, Shekhar A (2013) Angiotensin II’s role in sodium lactate-induced panic-like responses in rats with repeated urocortin 1 injections into the basolateral amygdala: amygdalar angiotensin receptors and panic. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 44:248-256. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.02.014 PMID: 23523745

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the subfornical organ (SFO) projects to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and releases angiotensin-II (A-11) to mobilize panic responses.

Summary: The presence of AT-1R was confirmed in the BLA which, combined with previous data, suggests that A-II’s panicogenic effects in the BLA are AT-1R dependent.

Usage: Immunohistochemistry (1:250 to 1:500).

Related Products: Angiotensin II receptor (AT-1R) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N27AP)

Kreitzer FR, Salomonis N, Sheehan A, Huang M, Park JS, Spindler MJ, Lizarraga P, Weiss WA, So PL, Conklin BR (2013) A robust method to derive functional neural crest cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Am J Stem Cells 2(2):119-131. PMID: 23862100

Usage: Immunocytochemistry 1:200

Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)

Bostad M, Berg K, Hogset A, Skarpen E, Stenmark H, Selbo PK (2013) Photochemical internalization (PCI) of immunotoxins targeting CD133 is specific and highly potent at femtomolar levels in cells with cancer stem cell properties. J Control Release 168(3):317-326. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.023

Summary: Targeted therapies for cancer can be trapped in the lysosome and compartmentalized away from the target. Photochemical internalization is a method to increase the efficacy of these compounds by releasing the therapeutic portion of the molecule from the endocytic vesicles to the cytosol by the use of light. The authors demonstrate this method on cells expressing the cancer stem cell marker CD133. Biotinylated antibodies against CD133 were combined with Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27) and applied to cell lines.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)

Ben-David U, Nudel N, Benvenisty N (2013) Immunologic and chemical targeting of the tight-junction protein Claudin-6 eliminates tumorigenic human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 4:1992. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2992 PMID: 23778593

Objective: To identify a pluripotent cell specific surface marker and develop strategies to selectively eliminate tumorigenic human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) from mixed cell populations.

Summary: Claudin-6 (CLDN-6) was identified as a specific surface marker of hPSCs. Targeted elimination using CLDN-6 immunotoxins or sorting, effectively reduced teratoma formation, improving the safety of stem cell–based therapies.

Usage: Fab-ZAP Mouse (IT-48) and a primary anti-CLDN-6 antibody was applied at various concentrations to selectively eliminate CLDN-6–positive hPSCs.

Related Products: Fab-ZAP mouse (Cat. #IT-48)