References

Joly S, Guzik-Kornacka A, Schwab M, Pernet V (2014) New mouse retinal stroke model reveals direction-selective circuit damage linked to permanent optokinetic response loss. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 55:4476-4489. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-14521 PMID: 24970264

Summary: The authors used a mouse model of ‘retinal stroke’ to better delineate the optokinetic response deficits at the cellular level. Damage was found in the processes of starburst amacrine cells (SACs), and to a lesser extent, the dendrites. Anti-melanopsin (Cat. #AB-N38) at 1:2500 was used for immunohistochemistry.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal (Cat. #AB-N38)

Carr F, Géranton S, Hunt S (2014) Descending controls modulate inflammatory joint pain and regulate CXC chemokine and iNOS expression in the dorsal horn. Mol Pain 10:39. doi: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-39

Summary: Peripheral joint pathology in conditions such as osteoarthritis does not always correlate to the amount of pain experienced, indicating that chronic pain is present. The role of descending facilitation in this form of chronic pain has not been investigated. The authors examined the role of mu opioid receptor-expressing cells in the rostral vental medulla (RVM) in behavioral hypersensitivity seen in joint pain models. Rats received 1.5 pmol of Dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12) into the RVM. Lesioned animals displayed prolonged attenuation of hypersensitivity, and altered expression of several genes was detected by qPCR, indicating that descending facilitation in the RVM is involved in joint pain behavior.

Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12)

Bajo V, Leach N, Cordery P, Nodal F, King A (2014) The cholinergic basal forebrain in the ferret and its inputs to the auditory cortex. Eur J Neurosci 40:2922-2940. doi: 10.1111/ejn.12653 PMID: 24945075

Summary: The ferret has become a more common animal model in auditory neuroscience. Unlike rodent models, however, anatomical data describing the organization of the basal forebrain cholinergic system and its projections to the auditory cortex have not been well characterized. Using a variety of methods the authors mapped the architecture of the ferret basal forebrain. IHC was done with several antibodies including anti-ChAT (Cat. #AB-N34AP; 1:1000) and anti-NGFr (Cat. #AB-N07; 1:500). Animals also received 17 μg of ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15) in a total of 17 injections into the ectosylvian gyrus. The results indicate that acetylcholine is most likely involved in modulation of auditory processing.

Related Products: Choline Acetyltransferase Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N34AP), NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07), ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)

Akahoshi N, Kamata S, Kubota M, Hishiki T, Nagahata Y, Matsuura T, Yamazaki C, Yoshida Y, Yamada H, Ishizaki Y, Suematsu M, Kasahara T, Ishii I (2014) Neutral aminoaciduria in cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice; an animal model of homocystinuria. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 306:F1462-1476. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00623.2013 PMID: 24761004

Summary: The authors utilized a mouse model for homocystinuria in order to examine renal amino acid reabsorbtion. Some of the immunohistochemistry experiments used anti-Met (Cat. #AB-T036). It was found that loss of cystathionine β-synthase causes hyperexcretion of both glucogenic and ketogenic neutral amino acids, as well as histidine.

Cordier D, Gerber A, Kluba C, Bauman A, Hutter G, Mindt TL, Mariani L (2014) Expression of different neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) isoforms in glioblastoma multiforme: potential implications for targeted therapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 29(5):221-226. doi: 10.1089/cbr.2013.1588

Summary: The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1r) has been found to be consistently over-expressed in gliomas, making it a potential target for therapeutic strategies. However, treatments with therapies utilizing substance P (SP), the ligand for the NK1r, have at best yielded uneven results. In this work the authors investigated factors that may predict the response to therapies directed at NK1r gliomas. SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) was used at a concentration of 1 nM in cytotoxicity assays on several different glioma cell lines. Using this and other data it was shown that only the cell line with the most full-length NK1r RNA transcripts displayed high levels of binding, internalization, and cell killing necessary for NK1r to be a therapeutic target using SP.

Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11)

Rastogi S, Unni S, Sharma S, Laxmi T, Kutty B (2014) Cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin alters subicular theta-gamma activity and impairs spatial learning in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 114:117-126. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.05.008

Summary: The authors investigated the role of the subiculum in spatial informational processing, specifically cholinergic modulation of subicular theta-gamma activity. Rats received 50-ng injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01) into the ventral subiculum. Lesioned animals displayed altered theta and gamma activity as well as impaired spatial learning. The hippocampal cholinergic innervations remained intact, indicating that cholinergic modulation of theta-gamma activity in the subiculum plays an important role in spatial information processing.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)

Zeltner N, Lafaille FG, Fattahi F, Studer L (2014) Feeder-free derivation of neural crest progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. J Vis Exp 87:51609. doi: 10.3791/51609 PMID: 24893703

Related Products: NGFr (ME20.4, p75) Mouse Monoclonal (Cat. #AB-N07)

Nunan R, Sivasathiaseelan H, Khan D, Zaben M, Gray W (2014) Microglial VPAC1R mediates a novel mechanism of neuroimmune-modulation of hippocampal precursor cells via IL-4 release. Glia 62:1313-1327. doi: 10.1002/glia.22682

Summary: Postnatal and adult learning and memory require hippocampal neurogenesis. Cognitive dysfunction is frequently accompanied by neuroinflammatory pathogenesis, but the pathways by which the immune system affects neurogenesis are unclear. In this work the authors depleted microglia from primary hippocampal cultures by incubating the cells with 100 μg/ml Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33) for 24 hours. The hippocampal cells were then washed and cultured for further experiments. It was found that neural stem/progenitor cells had reduced survival and proliferation in cultures treated with Mac-1-SAP. These data sketch out the framework of an immune-neuronal pathway important in the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis.

Related Products: Mac-1-SAP rat (Cat. #IT-33)

Cao J, Wu T, Zhang L (2014) [Targeted damage of the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting nucleus contributes to the pain behavior and the expression of 5-HT and c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn of rats]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 30:218-222.

Summary: Pain threshold, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) expression, and c-Fos expression were measured in rats after treatment with CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14). Use of CTB-SAP reduced the number of neurons in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting nucleus over time until no neurons could be detected by the 10th day post-injection. 5-HT and c-Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn gradually increased, and was negatively correlated with the pain threshold. The data indicate that neurons in the CSF-contacting nucleus are involved in pain regulation, and that expression of 5-HT and c-Fos is part of this regulatory pathway.

Related Products: CTB-SAP (Cat. #IT-14)

Alonso M, Gregorio J, Davidson M, Gonzalez J, Engleman E (2014) Depletion of inflammatory dendritic cells with anti-CD209 conjugated to saporin toxin. Immunol Res 58:374-377. doi: 10.1007/s12026-014-8511-6

Objective: To investigate a strategy that avoids monocyte intermediates to deplete inflammatory dendritic cells (DCs). Mice with an abundance of inflammatory DCs as a consequence of lipopolysaccharide exposure were treated with anti-CD209 antibody conjugated to saporin.

Summary: The results demonstrate depletion of CD209+ DCs. This strategy could prove useful for the targeted reduction of inflammatory DCs in disease.

Usage: Streptavidin-ZAP mixed with biotinylated Anti-CD209 was delivered i.v. to mice. Inflammatory DCs were markedly depleted.

Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27)