Sparks NR (2018) The embryotoxic effects of harm reduction tobacco products on osteoblasts developing from human embryonic stem cells. University of California Riverside Thesis.
Objective: To investigate the effect of maternal smoking in the development of embryonic skeleton and the molecular mechanisms involved in skeletal embryotoxicity induced by conventional and harm-reduction tobacco.
Summary: An in vitro model based on human embryonic stem cells was developed, that mimics the development of the human embryo; their differentiation into osteoblasts in vitro can be used to study chemical toxicity and the molecular mechanisms thereof. Tobacco-induced oxidative stress disrupts osteogenic differentiation in human embryonic stem cells.
Usage: Immunocytochemistry
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