Shin J, Kong C, Lee J, Na YC, Chang WS, Chang JW (2018) Improvements in cognitive function after focused ultrasound are associated with changes in hippocampal cholinergic activity and neurogenesis. FENS 2018 Abstracts C038. Federation of European Neuroscience Societies, Berlin, Germany.
Summary: Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease is irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that destroys memory and cognitive function. Recently, focused ultrasound (FUS) has been demonstrated that FUS- mediated BBB opening induces an increase in hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rodents. In this study, we investigated the effects of FUS on memory and cognitive function after 192 IgG-saporin lesioning. Materials and Methods: The present study utilized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g). Animals were divided into the three groups: Sham group (PBS injection), Lesion group (saporin injection), FUS group (saporin + FUS treatment). Lesion groups were injected bilaterally into the lateral ventricle. Rats were sonicated by using a single-element transducer with microbubble. The acoustic parameters for each sonication are: pressure amplitude 0.3 MPa, pulse length 10 ms, burst repetition frequency 1 Hz, and a duration of 120 s. BrdU was intraperitoneally injected 2 times per day for 4 consecutive days starting 24 hours after sonication. Two weeks after IgG-saporin administration, spatial memory was tested with the Morris water maze training. Results: In the water maze test, the FUS groups were significantly increased in number of crossing and platform zone, compared to the lesion group. We confirmed that the number of BrdU+, DCX+, and NeuN+ were significantly increased in the dentate gyrus following FUS sonication, compared to the lesion groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that FUS treatments led to spatial memory improvement in cholinergic deficits rat model. These provided evidences indicate that reason of the behavior change may be induced by increase of acetylcholine activity and neuronal plasticity.
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