- Home
- Knowledge Base
- Search Results for Stem Cells
Neural stem cells and cholinergic neurons: Regulation by immunolesion and treatment with mitogens, retinoic acid, and nerve growth factor.
Calza L, Giuliani A, Fernandez M, Pirondi S, D’Intino G, Aloe L, Giardino L (2003) Neural stem cells and cholinergic neurons: Regulation by immunolesion and treatment with mitogens, retinoic acid, and nerve growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(12):7325-7330. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1132092100
Summary: The authors explore the influence of exogenous administration of hormones, cytokines, and neurotrophins on stem cells following a lesion. Rats were treated with 2 or 3 µg of 192-Saporin (Cat. #IT-01) into the cerebral ventricles, which induced a lesion of the cholinergic system in the basal forebrain. The surgery was followed by infusion of EGF, bFGF, and NGF into the lesioned area, as well as addition of retinoic acid to the food pellets. This pharmacological control of endogenous neural stem cells increased the number of proliferating cells in both lesioned and non-lesioned animals, as well as improved performance in a water maze test.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
In vivo strategies for stem cells regulation in the adult brain: A chance for cholinergic neurons
Fernandez M, Giuliani A, Giardino L, Calza L (2002) In vivo strategies for stem cells regulation in the adult brain: A chance for cholinergic neurons. Neuroscience 2002 Abstracts 483.14. Society for Neuroscience, Orlando, FL.
Summary: Degenerative diseases represent a severe problem in view of very limited repair capability of nervous system. In order to use stem cells in the adult CNS for repair purpose, we are exploring the possibility to influence, in vivo, proliferation, migration and phenotype lineage of stem cells in adult brain using a growth factor, hormone and cytokine cocktail. In this study we used substances appropriate for in vitro cholinergic differentiation in animals lesioned with icv administration of the cholinergic neurons immunotoxin 195IgG-saporine (3microg/4,5microl). Four months after lesion, no ChAT-positive neurons were found in the basal forebrain, acetylcolinesterase-reactive fibres and ChAT activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus dramatically decrease, and animals are severely impaired in water maze learning task. An Alzet osmotic Minipump for chronic release (over 14 days) of the mitogen EGF (360ng/days) was then implanted and connected to a icv catheter. This treatment increases proliferation rate in SVZ in lesioned and unlesioned animals as indicated by the widespread distribution of BrDU-positive nuclei in the forebrain. Rats were then treated with retinoic acid (2.25 mg/day, orally). This treatment reduces Ki67 protein in the SVZ in lesioned rats, and this could indicate a progression toward differentiation. TrkA-positive innervation also increase in the basal forebrain of EGF+retinoic acid treated rats and ChAT activity is lightly, but significantly raises by combined EGF + retinoid acid treatment in the hippocampus.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Stem cell transplantation strategies for a lesion model of Alzheimer’s disease
Sugaya K, Qu T (2002) Stem cell transplantation strategies for a lesion model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience 2002 Abstracts 237.1. Society for Neuroscience, Orlando, FL.
Summary: Stem cell transplantation strategies are advocated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuroregeneration therapy. Since basal cholinergic neurons, which selectively degenerate in AD, extend long projections into the cortex and hippocampus, a stumbling block for neuroreplacement treatment in AD is whether these degenerating cholinergic cells can be replaced by the transplantation of stem cells. To answer this question, we transplanted human neural stem cells (HNSCs) into nucleus basalis magnocelluerlis (NBM) lesion model rats. The lesion was induced either by an injection of ibotenic acid or by anti-NGF receptor antibody conjugated with saporin. HNSCs were labeled by the incorporation of bromodeoxy uridine (BrdU) into the nuclei and simultaneously injected into the contralateral side of the lateral ventricle (Qu, 2001) of the NBM lesioned animal. Four weeks after the surgery, the brain was examined by immunohistochemistry for choline acetyl transferase (ChAT), βIII-tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and BrdU. We detected many GFAP-positive cells in the lesion area, but they were not BrdU-positive, indicating astrocytes activation in this area. We found BrdU-positive cells with ChAT or βIII-tubulin immunoreactivity in the lesion site, indicating that HNSCs migrated to the lesion site and had differentiated into cholinergic and other neuronal cells. These neuronally differentiating HNSCs were rather morphologically premature neurons, and although we have yet to confirm the physiological function or any projections into the hippocampus or cortex, our results could indicate that we have pioneered a positive study of neuroreplacement treatment for cholinergic neurons in AD.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Effects of mice EGF-responsive neural stem cells grafts and fetal septal cells grafts implanted into the dorsal hippocampus of rats after immunotoxic denervation
Jeltsch H, Aloy E, Schimchowitsch S, Caillard S, Mohier E Cassel JC (2002) Effects of mice EGF-responsive neural stem cells grafts and fetal septal cells grafts implanted into the dorsal hippocampus of rats after immunotoxic denervation. FENS 2002 Abstracts 141.13. Federation of European Neuroscience Societies, Paris, France.
Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01)
Crossed unilateral lesions of the cholinergic basal forebrain (by me20.4IgG-saporin) and fornix from inferior temporal cortex produce severe learning impairments in rhesus monkeys.
Easton A, Ridley RM, Baker HF, Gaffan D (2000) Crossed unilateral lesions of the cholinergic basal forebrain (by me20.4IgG-saporin) and fornix from inferior temporal cortex produce severe learning impairments in rhesus monkeys. Neuroscience 2000 Abstracts 205.8. Society for Neuroscience, New Orleans, LA.
Summary: Section of the anterior temporal stem, amygdala and fornix in monkeys results in a dense anterograde amnesia. We have proposed that this impairment is a result of isolating the medial temporal lobe and inferior temporal cortex from their basal forebrain afferents. Evidence suggests that the cholinergic cells of the basal forebrain are important for learning and memory. In the present experiment we have made an immunotoxic unilateral lesion (ME20.4IgG-saporin), specific for the cholinergic cells of the basal forebrain, in combination with unilateral fornix damage in the same hemisphere, and a lesion of the inferior temporal cortex in the opposite hemisphere to disconnect these cholinergic cells from the medial temporal lobe and inferior temporal cortex. These monkeys were severely impaired at scene learning and concurrent visual discrimination learning, both of which are sensitive to sections of the anterior temporal stem, amygdala and fornix. This deficit is strongly correlated with the degree of acetylcholine loss in the basal forebrain in the hemisphere with the immunotoxic lesion. This result strengthens the proposal that the cholinergic cells of the basal forebrain are essential for new learning, and that their interaction with the medial temporal lobe and inferior temporal cortex is required for normal learning in monkey and man.
Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)
FGF-2 enhances intestinal stem cell survival and its expression is induced after radiation injury.
Houchen CW, George RJ, Sturmoski MA, Cohn SM (1999) FGF-2 enhances intestinal stem cell survival and its expression is induced after radiation injury. Am J Physiol 276(1 Pt 1):G249-58. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.1.G249 PMID: 9887002
Related Products: Fibroblast Growth Factor Rabbit Polyclonal, rat (Cat. #AB-08)
Immortalization and controlled in vitro differentiation of murine multipotent neural crest stem cells.
Rao MS, Anderson DJ (1997) Immortalization and controlled in vitro differentiation of murine multipotent neural crest stem cells. J Neurobiol 32(7):722-746. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4695(19970620)32:7<722::aid-neu7>3.0.co;2-6 PMID: 9183749
Related Products: Antibody to NGFR (Cat. #AB-N02)
Extracellular matrix-mediated lung epithelial cell differentiation
Shojaie S (2016) Extracellular matrix-mediated lung epithelial cell differentiation. University of Toronto Thesis.
Objective: To develop a decellularization protocol that generates lung scaffolds capable of supporting lung epithelial cell culture.
Summary: The present study identifies an efficient and effective protocol to generate decellularized lung scaffolds that can support lung epithelial cell culture and could potentially be used to study stem cell differentiation towards the lung lineage. NGFR is a basal cell marker on heterogeneous basal cells.
Usage: Immunofluorescence (1:500)
Related Products: NGFR (mu p75) Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N01AP)