2015 Targeting Trends Review

Peters C, Hayashida K, Suto T, Houle T, Aschenbrenner C, Martin T, Eisenach J (2015) Individual differences in acute pain-induced endogenous analgesia predict time to resolution of postoperative pain in the rat. Anesthesiology 122:895-907. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000593

Summary: The authors investigated the relationship between preoperative Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) and the time course of recovery from surgery. CPM was evaluated using forepaw capsaicin injections into rats. During the study, lesioned rats received 5-μg intrathecal injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), followed 14 days later by a partial L5 spinal nerve ligation surgery. Mouse-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control. CPM was partially blocked in the lesioned animals, suggesting descending noradrenergic signaling is important in the time course of recovery from surgery.

Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)

Mittelman-Smith M, Krajewski-Hall S, McMullen N, Rance N (2015) Neurokinin 3 receptor-expressing neurons in the median preoptic nucleus modulate heat-dissipation effectors in the female rat. Endocrinology 156:2552-2562. doi: 10.1210/en.2014-1974

Summary: Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B (NKB) expression in the infundibular, or arcuate, nucleus is increased after menopause. Here the authors investigate whether KNDy (kisspeptin, NKB, and dynorphin expressing) neurons are able to influence cutaneous vasodilation through Neurokinin 3 (NK3)-expressing projections from the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO). Rats received two 10-ng injections of NK3-SAP (Cat. #IT-63) into the MnPO. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. The data indicate that NK3-expressing neurons in the MnPO facilitate vasodilation.

Related Products: NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)

Dashniani M, Burjanadze M, Naneishvili T, Chkhikvishvili N, Beselia G, Kruashvili L, Pochkhidze N, Chighladze M (2015) Exploratory behavior and recognition memory in medial septal electrolytic, neuro- and immunotoxic lesioned rats. Physiol Res 64:755-767. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.932809

Summary: To investigate recognition memory that incorporates a spatial or temporal component, the authors lesioned the medial septum of rats using several techniques. For specific lesioning of cholinergic neurons rats received bilateral injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01, 500 ng total) into the medial septum. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. While electrolytic lesions produced disruptions of spatial recognition memory, immunotoxin lesions did not, indicating that the cholinergic neurons of the septohippocampal pathway are not essential to processing this type of learning.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Kim T, Thankachan S, McKenna J, McNally J, Yang C, Choi J, Chen L, Kocsis B, Deisseroth K, Strecker R, Basheer R, Brown R, McCarley R (2015) Cortically projecting basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons regulate cortical gamma band oscillations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:3535-3540. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1413625112

Summary: Measurements of cortical EEG capture gamma band oscillations (GBO). Abnormalities in these GBO have been found in some neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. The authors analyzed GBO neuronal groups by administering 650-ng bilateral icv injections of mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16) to mice to determine the role of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the generation of GBO. The results indicate GABAergic basal forebrain neurons containing parvalbumin were important for GBO integrity, but cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain were not involved.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Burjanadze M, Mataradze S, Rusadze K, Chkhikvishvili N, Dashniani M (2015) Selective lesion of GABA-ergic neurons in the medial septum by GAT1-saporin impairs spatial learning in a water-maze. Georgian Med News 240:59-64.

Summary: The authors investigated the role of GABAergic neurons in the medial septum on spatial learning using a Morris water maze test. Rats received bilateral injections totaling 162 ng of GAT-1-SAP (Cat. #IT-32) into the medial septum. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. The lesioned animals displayed significant deficits during the water maze task, indicating that GABAergic neurons in the medial septum are intrinsic to organization of spatial map-driven behavior.

Related Products: GAT1-SAP (Cat. #IT-32), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

El-Danaf R, Huberman A (2015) Characteristic patterns of dendritic remodeling in early-stage glaucoma: evidence from genetically identified retinal ganglion cell types. J Neurosci 35:2329-2343. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1419-14.2015 PMID: 25673829

Summary: The loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) is the second-most common cause of blindness worldwide. Using several mouse transgenic cell lines, the authors investigated the changes that occur on the establishment of elevated ocular pressure. Anti-melanopsin (Cat. #AB-N39) at 1:1000 was used to illuminate the morphology of the M1 intrinsically photosensitive RGC.

Related Products: Melanopsin Rabbit Polyclonal, affinity-purified (Cat. #AB-N39)

Nguyen H, Huppé-Gourgues F, Vaucher E (2015) Activation of the mouse primary visual cortex by medial prefrontal subregion stimulation is not mediated by cholinergic basalo-cortical projections. Front Syst Neurosci 9:1. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00001

Summary: Mice received 1 μg icv injections of mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16) to eliminate NGFr-positive cells. The results indicate a link between the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices and the primary visual cortex.

Related Products: mu p75-SAP (Cat. #IT-16)

Dashniani M, Kruashvili L, Rusadze K, Matatradze S, Beselia G (2015) Effects of immunotoxic and electrolytic lesions of medial septal area on spatial short-term memory in rats. Georgian Med News 239:98-103.

Summary: In this work the authors investigated how essential septohippocampal projections are in a spatial working memory model. Rats received bilateral injections of 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01, 600 ng total) or GAT-1-SAP (Cat. #IT-32, 195 ng total) into the medial septum. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control.

Related Products: 192-IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-01), GAT1-SAP (Cat. #IT-32), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)

Higgins S, Fillmore H, Ashkan K, Butt A, Pilkington G (2015) Dual targeting NG2 and GD3A using Mab-Zap immunotoxin results in reduced glioma cell viability in vitro. Anticancer Res 35:77-84.

Summary: Human glioma-derived cell lines were sequentially incubated with anti-NG2 and anti-GD3A coupled to Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04) at 1 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml for 72 hours each. The combination therapy was significantly more effective than single therapy in eliminating the glioma cells.

Related Products: Mab-ZAP (Cat. #IT-04)

Xu M, Kobets A, Du J, Lennington J, Li L, Banasr M, Duman R, Vaccarino F, DiLeone R, Pittenger C (2015) Targeted ablation of cholinergic interneurons in the dorsolateral striatum produces behavioral manifestations of Tourette syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:893-898. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1419533112

Summary: Postmortem studies of Tourette syndrome patients has revealed a reduction in the number of specific striatal interneurons. The authors explored the hypothesis that this neuronal deficit is enough to produce the symptoms of Tourette syndrome in mice. Animals received 90-ng injections of Anti-ChAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-42) into the striatum. Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35) was used as a control. The data suggest that loss of the striatal interneurons is enough to produce some, but not all, of the symptoms caused by Tourette syndrome.

Related Products: Anti-ChAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-42), Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35)