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2010 Targeting Trends Review
Evaluation of side effects through selective ablation of the mu opioid receptor expressing descending nociceptive facilitatory neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla with dermorphin-saporin.
Cao F, Chen SS, Yan XF, Xiao XP, Liu XJ, Yang SB, Xu AJ, Gao F, Yang H, Chen ZJ, Tian YK (2009) Evaluation of side effects through selective ablation of the mu opioid receptor expressing descending nociceptive facilitatory neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla with dermorphin-saporin. Neurotoxicology 30(6):1096-1106. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.06.004
Summary: Selective ablation of rostral ventromedial (RVM) neurons expressing mu opioid receptors has been suggested as a treatment for pathological pain. This work investigated the side effects of a 0.5 µg injection of dermorphin-SAP (Cat. #IT-12) into the RVM. Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) was used as a control. Lesioned animals experienced a temporary increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure, and mild microglial responses, but even these soon returned to normal. The data suggest this system has potential as a target for pain therapeutics.
Related Products: Dermorphin-SAP / MOR-SAP (Cat. #IT-12), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01)
Severe scene learning impairment, but intact recognition memory, after cholinergic depletion of inferotemporal cortex followed by fornix transection.
Browning PG, Gaffan D, Croxson PL, Baxter MG (2010) Severe scene learning impairment, but intact recognition memory, after cholinergic depletion of inferotemporal cortex followed by fornix transection. Cereb Cortex 20(2):282-293. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhp097
Summary: In this work the authors investigated the link between connections carried by the fornix and cholinergic input to the inferotemporal cortex in scene learning. Monkeys received 56-64 0.02-µg injections of ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15) into the inferotemporal cortex, and entorhinal cortices. There was a marked impairment in memory for lesioned animals that also received a fornix transection, indicating a synergistic interaction between connections carried by the fornix and cholinergic input to the inferotemporal cortex for episodic memory.
Related Products: ME20.4-SAP (Cat. #IT-15)
Methylphenidate-induced impulsivity: pharmacological antagonism by beta-adrenoreceptor blockade.
Milstein JA, Dalley JW, Robbins TW (2010) Methylphenidate-induced impulsivity: pharmacological antagonism by beta-adrenoreceptor blockade. J Psychopharmacol 24:309-321. doi: 10.1177/0269881108098146
Summary: In this work bilateral 20 ng intracortical injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) were used to examine the role of noradrenergic neurons in the control of psychostimulant-induced impulsivity. Although β-adrenoreceptor blockade abolished this impulsivity, lesioning noradrenergic neurons in the cortex had no effect. The data indicate that modulation of impulsive responding in this model is controlled by β-adrenoreceptors.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
An early sympathetic nervous system influence exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis via CD4+CD25+ cells.
Harle P, Pongratz G, Albrecht J, Tarner IH, Straub RH (2008) An early sympathetic nervous system influence exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis via CD4+CD25+ cells. Arthritis Rheum 58:2347-2355. doi: 10.1002/art.23628
Summary: The sympathetic nervous system can play conflicting roles in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CD4+CD25+ T cells can play an immunoregulatory effect in this system depending on the expression of the FoxP3 transcription factor. Mice received 5 µg intraperitoneal injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) to induce an early sympathectomy. The results indicate that the sympathetic nervous system increases disease severity in CIA by stimulating some of the proinflammatory aspects of CD4+CD25+ T cells.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)
Utilization of the least shrew as a rapid and selective screening model for the antiemetic potential and brain penetration of substance P and NK1 receptor antagonists.
Darmani NA, Wang Y, Abad J, Ray AP, Thrush GR, Ramirez J (2008) Utilization of the least shrew as a rapid and selective screening model for the antiemetic potential and brain penetration of substance P and NK1 receptor antagonists. Brain Res 1214:58-72. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.03.077
Summary: This work investigated the role of central tachykinin NK1 receptors in delayed phase vomiting caused by chemotherapeutics. Least shrews received 1.2 mg/kg intraperitoneal injections of SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11). Saporin (Cat. #PR-01) and blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) were used as controls. In response to administration of a NK1 receptor agonist lesioned animals vomited less than the control group, indicating an important role for NK1 receptors in emesis.
Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Saporin (Cat. #PR-01), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
An opposing time-dependent immune-modulating effect of the sympathetic nervous system conferred by altering the cytokine profile in the local lymph nodes and spleen of mice with type II collagen-induced arthritis.
Harle P, Mobius D, Carr DJ, Scholmerich J, Straub RH (2005) An opposing time-dependent immune-modulating effect of the sympathetic nervous system conferred by altering the cytokine profile in the local lymph nodes and spleen of mice with type II collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 52:1305-1313. doi: 10.1002/art.20987
Summary: In this work the authors examined the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in late stages of chronic arthritis. 5 µg intraperitoneal injections of anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) in mice were used to confirm that previous 6OHDA injections caused a sympathectomy. The results demonstrate that the SNS supports inflammation during the asymptomatic phase of arthritis, but inhibits inflammation during the chronic symptomatic phase.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03)