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Selective lesioning of nucleus incertus with corticotropin releasing factor-saporin conjugate.
Lee LC, Rajkumar R, Dawe GS (2014) Selective lesioning of nucleus incertus with corticotropin releasing factor-saporin conjugate. Brain Res 1543:179-190. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.021
Summary: In this work the authors used CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13) to eliminate CRF1 receptor-expressing cells from the nucleus incertus (NI). Rats received bilateral CRF-SAP injections of 21.5 to 86 ng into the NI. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. Lesioned animals displayed a significant loss of CRF1 receptor-expressing cells, along with a decrease in relaxin-3 and GAD65 expression.
Related Products: CRF-SAP (Cat. #IT-13), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Ablating spinal NK1-bearing neurons eliminates the development of pain and reduces spinal neuronal hyperexcitability and inflammation from mechanical joint injury in the rat.
Weisshaar CL, Winkelstein BA (2014) Ablating spinal NK1-bearing neurons eliminates the development of pain and reduces spinal neuronal hyperexcitability and inflammation from mechanical joint injury in the rat. J Pain 15(4):378-386. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.12.003
Summary: A high percentage of chronic neck pain involves the facet joint. Although the facet joint is innvervated by peptide-responsive nociceptive afferents, the role of these cells in the development and modulation of nociceptive signaling remains unclear. Using a previously developed rat model of facet joint injury, the authors examined the role of neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing spinal cells in this pathway. Rats received 100 ng SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) via lumbar puncture. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. The results demonstrate that spinal NK1r-expressing cells are essential for nociception and inflammation due to a mechanical joint injury.
Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Lesion of the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract/A2 noradrenergic neurons facilitates the activation of angiotensinergic mechanisms in response to hemorrhage.
Freiria-Oliveira AH, Blanch GT, De Paula PM, Menani JV, Colombari DS (2013) Lesion of the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract/A2 noradrenergic neurons facilitates the activation of angiotensinergic mechanisms in response to hemorrhage. Neuroscience 254:196-204. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.017
Summary: Previous work has generated conflicting data on the role of catecholaminergic A2 neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in control of arterial pressure lability. The authors used Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) to lesion these neurons in a hypotensive hemorrhage model. Rats received two injections of 12.6 ng into the commissural NTS. Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control. The lesioned animals quickly recovered from hypotension, but were impaired by the icv administration of losartan.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)
Hindbrain noradrenergic input to the hypothalamic PVN mediates the activation of oxytocinergic neurons induced by the satiety factor oleoylethanolamide.
Romano A, Potes CS, Tempesta B, Cassano T, Cuomo V, Lutz T, Gaetani S (2013) Hindbrain noradrenergic input to the hypothalamic PVN mediates the activation of oxytocinergic neurons induced by the satiety factor oleoylethanolamide. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 305(10):E1266-73. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00411.2013
Summary: Feeding behavior and energy balance are in part controlled by signals from the gut. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an acylethanolamide that is thought to play a role in this network. Since peripheral administration of OEA has effects on the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) the authors investigated the role of noradrenergic afferent input to these areas. Rats received bilateral 84-ng injections of Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03) into the PVN. Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18) was used as a control.
Related Products: Anti-DBH-SAP (Cat. #IT-03), Mouse IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-18)
Reduction in cholinergic interneuron density in the nucleus accumbens attenuates local extracellular dopamine release in response to stress or amphetamine.
Laplante F, Dufresne MM, Ouboudinar J, Ochoa-Sanchez R, Sullivan RM (2013) Reduction in cholinergic interneuron density in the nucleus accumbens attenuates local extracellular dopamine release in response to stress or amphetamine. Synapse 67(1):21-29. doi: 10.1002/syn.21612
Summary: The authors examined whether excessive dopamine neurotransmission in the mesolimbic system is due to higher levels of presynaptic or postsynaptic dopamine. Rats received 250-ng bilateral injections of anti-ChAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-42) into the nucleus accumbens. Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35) was used as a control. The data suggest that reduction of cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens suppresses presynaptic dopamine release.
Related Products: Anti-ChAT-SAP (Cat. #IT-42), Rabbit IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-35)
Leptin-sensitive neurons in the arcuate nucleus integrate activity and temperature circadian rhythms and anticipatory responses to food restriction.
Wiater MF, Li AJ, Dinh TT, Jansen HT, Ritter S (2013) Leptin-sensitive neurons in the arcuate nucleus integrate activity and temperature circadian rhythms and anticipatory responses to food restriction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 305(8):R949-R960. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00032.2013
Summary: The arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus is known to participate in the regulation of feeding, adiposity, and leptin-dependent metabolism. The authors examined the role of leptin-receptive neurons in locomotor and temperature rhythms. Rats received four bilateral injections of Leptin-SAP (Cat. #IT-47) into the Arc; Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. The lesion affected learning connected to light cycles, but not learning connected to food schedules, suggesting a mechanism for internal desynchrony that might play a role in obesity and other metabolic disorders.
Related Products: Leptin-SAP (Cat. #IT-47), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Loss of neurons in rostral ventromedial medulla that express neurokinin-1 receptors decreases the development of hyperalgesia.
Khasabov SG, Simone DA (2013) Loss of neurons in rostral ventromedial medulla that express neurokinin-1 receptors decreases the development of hyperalgesia. Neuroscience 250C:151-165. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.057
Summary: Previous data has indicated that neurokinin-1 receptors are located on ON cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). ON cells are considered pronociceptive because noxious stimulation is stimulatory. In this work the authors eliminated ON cells using 0.3-μl injections of 1 μM SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11) into the left and right side of the RVM. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control. SSP-SAP treatment did not change mechanical or heat withdrawal responses, or change morphine-induced analgesia. A significant reduction in the duration of nocifensive behaviors induced by various hyperalgesic stimulators indicated that these neurons are involved in pain facilitation rather than modulation.
Related Products: SSP-SAP (Cat. #IT-11), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
BB2 bombesin receptor-expressing spinal neurons transmit herpes-associated itch by BB2 receptor-independent signaling.
Sasaki A, Adhikari S, Andoh T, Kuraishi Y (2013) BB2 bombesin receptor-expressing spinal neurons transmit herpes-associated itch by BB2 receptor-independent signaling. Neuroreport 24(12):652-656. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32836352d8
Summary: Using a skin rash model created by inoculating mice with human herpes virus, bombesin receptor-expressing spinal neurons were lesioned intrathecally with 400 ng of Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40). Lesioned animals displayed reduced scratching, but licking (due to pain) was not reduced.
Related Products: Bombesin-SAP (Cat. #IT-40), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
Time course study of targeted ablation of KNDy neurons, but not tyrosine-hydroxylase neurons, in the rat arcuate nucleus using a neurokinin b-saporin.
Helena CV, Kalil B, Anselmo-Franci JA, Bertram R (2013) Time course study of targeted ablation of KNDy neurons, but not tyrosine-hydroxylase neurons, in the rat arcuate nucleus using a neurokinin b-saporin. Endocr Rev 34:OR47-5. 95th Annual Meetin and Expo, San Francisco. doi: 10.1093/edrv/34.supp.1
Summary: Ovariectomized rats were given bilateral injections of NK3-SAP (Cat. #IT-63) into the arcuate nucleus for a time course study of KNDy neuron loss. Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21) was used as a control.
Related Products: NKB-SAP (Cat. #IT-63), Blank-SAP (Cat. #IT-21)
A novel model for evaluating therapies targeting human tumor vasculature and human cancer stem-like cells.
Burgos-Ojeda D, McLean K, Bai S, Pulaski H, Gong Y, Silva I, Skorecki K, Tzukerman M, Buckanovich RJ (2013) A novel model for evaluating therapies targeting human tumor vasculature and human cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Res 73(12):3555-3565. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2845
Objective: To evaluate tumor vascular markers (TVM) expression in a human embryonic stem cell–derived teratoma (hESCT) tumor model previously shown to have human vessels.
Summary: The model tested represents a useful tool to test anti-human TVM therapy and evaluate in vivo human CSC tumor biology.
Usage: In vitro – Anti-THY1-SAP (biotinylated Anti-THY1 mixed equimolar with Streptavidin-ZAP) was incubated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC); resulting in statistically significant MSC death. In vivo – Anti-THY1-SAP or control (Rat IgG-SAP) was administered intravenously. Treated ovarian tumors showed delayed growth and significant reduction in central tumor viability.
Related Products: Streptavidin-ZAP (Cat. #IT-27), Rat IgG-SAP (Cat. #IT-17)