RhoG (ARGH) is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins and belongs to the Rac subfamily of Rho GTPases. It is activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which promote the exchange of GDP for GTP, producing the active form of the protein. Active RhoG interacts with downstream effectors such as ELMO and DOCK180 before hydrolyzing GTP to GDP to return to its inactive state. RhoG plays an important role in integrin-mediated Rac activation and cell spreading, acting upstream of Rac while also functioning independently in certain signaling pathways.
