Alpha-amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes -1,4-glycosidic bonds in large polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen, producing glucose and maltose. It is the predominant form of amylase in humans and other mammals and is most abundant in pancreatic secretions and saliva, each containing distinct isoforms. Salivary and pancreatic amylases can be distinguished by isoelectric focusing or specific monoclonal antibodies. Salivary amylase, also known as ptyalin, initiates the breakdown of insoluble starch into progressively smaller soluble starches and ultimately maltose.
